{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:24:24Z","timestamp":1784733864318,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The incidence rate of invasive candidiasis is high, its treatment is difficult, and the prognosis is poor. In this study, an immunosuppressive mouse model of invasive <jats:italic>Candida albicans (C. albicans)<\/jats:italic> infection was constructed to observe the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on the <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> cell wall structure and cell wall (1,3)-\u03b2-D-glucan contents. This study provides a theoretical basis for CA treatment to target invasive <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Immunosuppressed mice with invasive <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infection were given an oral dosage of CA (240\u2009mg.kg<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>.d<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>) for 14\u2009days. Then, mouse lung tissue samples were collected for detection of the levels of (1,3)-\u03b2-D-glucan and transmission electron microscopy observations, using fluconazole as a positive control and 2% Tween 80 saline as a negative control.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The immunosuppressive mouse model of invasive <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infection was successfully established. The levels of (1,3)-\u03b2-D-glucan in the CA treatment group, fluconazole positive control group, invasive <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infection immunosuppressive mouse model group, and 2% Tween 80 normal saline control group were 86.55\u2009\u00b1\u2009126.73\u2009pg\/ml, 1985.13\u2009\u00b1\u2009203.56\u2009pg\/ml, 5930.57\u2009\u00b1\u2009398.67\u2009pg\/ml and 83.36\u2009\u00b1\u200926.35\u2009pg\/ml, respectively. Statistically, the CA treatment group, fluconazole positive control group and invasive <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infection immunosuppressive mouse model group were compared with each other (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and compared with the 2% Tween 80 saline group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), showing that the differences were very significant. Comparison of the CA treatment group with the fluconazole positive control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) displayed a difference as well. Electron microscopy showed that CA destroyed the cell wall of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>, where the outer layer of the cell wall fell off and became thinner and the nuclei and organelles dissolved, but the cell membrane remained clear and intact.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CA destroys the cell wall structure of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> by interfering with the synthesis of (1,3)-\u03b2-D-glucan to kill <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>. However, CA does not affect the cell membrane. This study provides a theoretical basis for CA treatment to target invasive <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03468-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T21:12:08Z","timestamp":1643663528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on C. albicans cell wall and (1,3)- \u03b2 \u2013 D-glucans in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jie-Hua","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Guang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang-Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Na","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ming","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3468_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399","volume":"373","author":"BJ Kullberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kullberg BJ, Arendrup MC. 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