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Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity and toxicity of an ethanolic seed extract of <jats:italic>Spondias pinnata<\/jats:italic> (L.f.) Kurz (<jats:italic>S. pinnata<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract was performed using standard procedures, and the constituents were determined by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS). The in vivo antimalarial activity was assessed against the <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic> ANKA strain in mice based on 4-day suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests. In addition, the acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated after oral administration of a single dose of 2,000\u00a0mg\/kg body weight.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Phytochemical screening tests on the ethanolic <jats:italic>S. pinnata<\/jats:italic> seed extract revealed the presence of terpenoids, tannins, and coumarins. GC\u2013MS analysis of the extract led to the identification of twenty-nine phytochemical compounds, including oleic acid amide, \u03b2-sitosterol, linoleic acid, oleic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid and gallic acid. The results of the 4-day suppressive test revealed that mice treated with 250, 500, 600 and 800\u00a0mg\/kg doses of the ethanolic <jats:italic>S. pinnata<\/jats:italic> seed extract showed significant parasitemia suppression in a dose-dependent manner, with 22.94, 49.01, 60.67 and 66.82% suppression, respectively, compared to that of the negative control group. All the doses of the ethanolic seed extract significantly suppressed parasitemia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) during the curative activity test and prolonged the mean survival time compared to those of the negative control group. However, the ethanolic seed extract displayed lower curative and prophylactic activities than the standard drug artesunate. In addition, the ethanolic seed extract showed no signs of toxicity in mice at a dose of 2,000\u00a0mg\/kg body weight.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The <jats:italic>S. pinnata<\/jats:italic> seed extract contains various phytochemical compounds with important medicinal properties. The extract showed a significant suppression of parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner, prolonged the mean survival time and exhibited significant curative and prophylactic activities. The overall results of this study demonstrated that the <jats:italic>S. pinnata<\/jats:italic> seed extract possessed promising in vivo antimalarial activity against <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic> ANKA, with no toxicity. The findings from the present study provide scientific evidence supporting the use of <jats:italic>S. pinnata<\/jats:italic> seeds in the development of new drugs for malaria treatment. Additional studies are needed to isolate and identify the active compounds as well as to understand the mechanism of inhibition.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03546-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T14:04:04Z","timestamp":1647439444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["In vivo assessment of the antimalarial activity and acute oral toxicity of an ethanolic seed extract of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) 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