{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:24:06Z","timestamp":1777613046185,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pharbitidis Semen (the seeds of <jats:italic>Pharbitis nil<\/jats:italic>), traditionally used as a purgative in Japan, China and Korea, contains a resin glycoside fraction named pharbitin, which is known as a purgative ingredient. Due to the complex nature of pharbitin, little is known about either the action on intestinal tension caused by resin glycoside itself or by its components.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, we investigated the effects of pharbitin, the glycosidic acid fraction (pharbitic acid) and the aglycone fraction (phar-genin) generated from pharbitin on peristalsis of colon and ileum isolated from mice with the Magnus method.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We demonstrated that pharbitin (3\u201330\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) concentration-dependently increased tonus of mice colon via acetylcholine receptors, its components phar-genin (1.27\u201312.7\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and pharbitic acid (10\u20131000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) also had the increment on colon tonus. On the other hand, ileum tension decreased in the presence of pharbitin.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The effects of resin glycoside of Pharbitidis Semen on colon tonus are different with those on ileum tonus isolated from mice. In the next step it is necessary to investigate details of its pharmacological mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03570-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T12:02:48Z","timestamp":1647950568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Different effects on the tonus of colon and ileum isolated from mouse by resin glycoside (pharbitin) of Pharbitidis Semen"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9402-2838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Rong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naofumi","family":"Tokutomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuusuke","family":"Satou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Nohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Yokomizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masateru","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-017-1114-5","volume":"71","author":"M Ono","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ono M. Resin glycosides from Convolvulaceae plants. J Nat Med. 2017;71:591\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11418-017-1114-5.","journal-title":"J Nat Med"},{"key":"3570_CR2","volume-title":"Materia Medica","author":"D Bensky","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bensky D, Gamble A. Chinese herbal medicine. In:  Materia Medica. Seattle: Eastland Press; 1993."},{"key":"3570_CR3","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia","author":"PC China","year":"2015","unstructured":"China PC. Pharmacopoeia. Beijing: China Medical Sci&Tech Press; 2015."},{"key":"3570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112522","volume":"251","author":"SM Ren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren SM, Zhang W, Xu XJ, Zhou Y, Guo JY, Zhang XL, et al. Morning glory seed keeps laxative effect while retains less subchronic toxicity after being fried. 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J Nat Prod. 2010;73:1846\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/np1004888.","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"key":"3570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.38.1892","volume":"38","author":"M Ono","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ono M, Noda N, Kawasaki T, Miyahara K. Resin Glycosides. VII. Reinvestigation of the component organic and Glycosidic acids of Pharbitin, the crude ether-insoluble resin glycoside (\"Convolvulin\") of Pharbitidis semen (seeds of Pharbititis nil). Chem Pharm Bull. 1990;38:1892\u20137.","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull"},{"key":"3570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1084137","volume":"74","author":"R Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez R, Vuelvas A, Garc\u00eda A, Fragoso M, Pereda R, Ibarra C, et al. Calcium dependent effect of tricolorin a on intestinal and arterial smooth muscle contractility. Planta Med. 2008;74:973.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"3570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1021\/np0604634","volume":"70","author":"G Mir\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mir\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez G, Herrera-Ruiz M, Estrada-Soto S, Aguirre-Crespo F, Vazquez-Navarrete L, Le\u00f3n-Rivera I. Resin glycosides from the roots of Ipomoea tyrianthina and their biological activity. J Nat Prod. 2007;70:557\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/np0604634.","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"key":"3570_CR10","volume-title":"Secondary metabolites, biosynthesis, chemotaxonomy, biology and economic significance (a handbook)","author":"E Eich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eich E. Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. In:  Secondary metabolites, biosynthesis, chemotaxonomy, biology and economic significance (a handbook). 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All experiments were conducted in strict accordance with the Guidelines of the Japanese Pharmacological Society for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"82"}}