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Red beetroot (<jats:italic>Beta vulgaris<\/jats:italic>) contains Betanin as its major betacyanin, possessing wide proapoptotic effects. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer and pro-papoptotic effects of beetroot hydro-alcoholic extract (BHE) and betanin, on colorectal cancer cell lines. BHE and betanin were used to treat Caco-2 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. MTT assay, DAPI staining, and FACS-flow cytometry tests were used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and apoptosis-inducing evaluations. Intended genes were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The IC50 for HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines were 92\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, 107\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL for BHE, and 64\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, 90\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL for betanin at 48\u00a0h, respectively. BHE and betanin significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cell lines time and dose-dependently. DAPI staining and flow cytometry results revealed significant apoptosis symptoms in treated cancerous cell lines. The expression level of proapoptotic genes (BAD, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Fas-R) in treated HT-29 and Caco-2 cells was higher than in untreated and normal cells. In contrast, the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) was significantly downregulated. BHE and betanin effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via the modification of effective genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04077-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T12:02:33Z","timestamp":1689681753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Anticancer properties of red beetroot hydro-alcoholic extract and its main constituent; betanin on colorectal cancer cell lines"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Saber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Abedimanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Hossein","family":"Somi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Yari","family":"Khosroushahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4077_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29871","volume":"122","author":"JV Tricoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tricoli JV, Blair DG, Anders CK, Bleyer WA, Boardman LA, Khan J, et al. 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