{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T17:25:09Z","timestamp":1772213109497,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The relationship between epilepsy and depression is bidirectional. One condition exacerbates the other. However, there are no current guidelines for treating depression in epilepsy patients. In some cases, seizures worsen when antidepressants (AD) are prescribed or when they are discontinued due to adverse events. The Shugan Jieyu capsule, composed of <jats:italic>Acanthopanax senticosus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Hypericum perforatum<\/jats:italic>, is a widely used herbal medicine for treating depression. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of Shugan Jieyu capsules (SJC) in relieving depression in patients with epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We searched English, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese databases in October 2023 to collect all relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The primary outcomes were the depression scale scores and seizure frequency. The secondary outcomes were quality of life (QoL) and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nine RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with AD, SJC showed significant differences in the improvement of depression (SMD: 3.82, 95% CI: 3.25, 4.39) and reduction in seizure frequency (MD: 0.39 times\/month, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.50). SJC showed more beneficial results than antiepileptic drugs (AED) in terms of antidepressant effects (SMD: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.51) and QoL (MD: 11.75, 95% CI: 10.55, 12.95). When patients were prescribed AED, the additional administration of SJC improved depression symptoms (SMD: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.28, 1.63). The SJC treatment group had a lower incidence of side effects than the control group. However, the difference was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results suggest that SJC may be effective in treating depression in patients with epilepsy. Additionally, SJC has the potential to help reduce seizure frequency in epilepsy patients with depression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04361-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T13:03:13Z","timestamp":1706533393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of Shugan Jieyu capsules for psychiatric symptoms of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunna","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4361_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaelis R, Tang V, Nevitt SJ, Wagner JL, Modi AC, LaFrance WC Jr et al. Psychological treatments for people with epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020(8).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012081.pub3"},{"key":"4361_CR2","unstructured":"Sridharan R. Epidemiology of epilepsy. Current science. 2002:664\u2009\u2013\u200970."},{"issue":"2","key":"4361_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000503831","volume":"54","author":"E Beghi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beghi E. The epidemiology of epilepsy. Neuroepidemiology. 2020;54(2):185\u201391.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4361_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","volume":"342","author":"P Kwan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(5):314\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4361_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.00992.x","volume":"48","author":"JA French","year":"2007","unstructured":"French JA. Refractory epilepsy: clinical overview. Epilepsia. 2007;48:3\u20137.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"4361_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20685","volume":"59","author":"DC Hesdorffer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hesdorffer DC, Hauser WA, Olafsson E, Ludvigsson P, Kjartansson O. Depression and suicide attempt as risk factors for incident unprovoked seizures. Ann Neurol. 2006;59(1):35\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4361_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1ae0","volume":"80","author":"KM Fiest","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fiest KM, Dykeman J, Patten SB, Wiebe S, Kaplan GG, Maxwell CJ, et al. Depression in Epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2013;80(6):590\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4361_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanner AM. Depression and epilepsy: a bidirectional relation? Epilepsia. 2011;52:21\u2009\u2013\u20097.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02907.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"4361_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.05.023","volume":"233","author":"SC Danzer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Danzer SC. Depression, stress, epilepsy and adult neurogenesis. Exp Neurol. 2012;233(1):22\u201332.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4361_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.11.039","volume":"140","author":"M Gandy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gandy M, Sharpe L, Perry KN. Psychosocial predictors of depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2012;140(3):222\u201332.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"4361_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i45","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.060467","volume":"76","author":"M Jackson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jackson M, Turkington D. Depression and anxiety in epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(suppl 1):i45\u2013i7.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4361_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.03.029","volume":"28","author":"P Mehndiratta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehndiratta P, Sajatovic M. Treatments for patients with comorbid epilepsy and depression: a systematic literature review. Epilepsy Behav. 2013;28(1):36\u201340.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"4361_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00885.x","volume":"40","author":"F Pisani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pisani F, Spina E, Oteri G. Antidepressant drugs and seizure susceptibility: from in vitro data to clinical practice. Epilepsia. 1999;40:48\u2013s56.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"4361_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maguire MJ, Marson AG, Nevitt SJ. Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021(4).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010682.pub3"},{"issue":"6","key":"4361_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-000-0035-9","volume":"2","author":"JJ Barry","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barry JJ, Huynh N, Lembke A. Depression in individuals with epilepsy. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2000;2(6):571\u201385.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"4361_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00297","volume":"14","author":"G Yao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao G, Li J, Wang J, Liu S, Li X, Cao X, et al. Improved resting-state functional dynamics in post-stroke depressive patients after shugan jieyu capsule treatment. Front NeuroSci. 2020;14:297.","journal-title":"Front NeuroSci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4361_CR17","first-page":"390","volume":"42","author":"M Shuai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shuai M, Min J, Xiaoyan X. Meta-analysis of Shugan Jieyu Capsule combined with Escitalopram in the treatment of depression. J Shandong First Med Unversity Shandong Acad Med Sci. 2021;42(5):390.","journal-title":"J Shandong First Med Unversity Shandong Acad Med Sci"},{"key":"4361_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan M, Guo D, Tian Y, Liu Y, Zhao J. Efficacy and safety of Shugan Jieyu capsule in the treatment of essential hypertension with insomnia, anxiety or depression: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2021;100(8).","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024856"},{"key":"4361_CR19","unstructured":"LI Q, Yao J, WU W, YU X, Wang W, HU Y et al. Efficacy and safety of double doses of SHUGANJIEYU capsules in treating moderate depressive disor-der: a multicenter, random, double-blind, and parallel-controlled trial. Chin J Nerv Mental Dis. 2016:580\u20135."},{"key":"4361_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.048","volume":"210","author":"QX Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng QX, Venkatanarayanan N, Ho CYX. Clinical use of Hypericum perforatum (St John\u2019s wort) in depression: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2017;210:211\u201321.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"4361_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linde K, Berner MM, Kriston L. St John\u2019s wort for major depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008(4).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000448.pub3"},{"issue":"8","key":"4361_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050519","volume":"54","author":"E Ernst","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ernst E, Rand J, Barnes J, Stevinson C. Adverse effects profile of the herbal antidepressant St. John\u2019s wort (Hypericum perforatum L). Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;54(8):589\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4361_CR23","unstructured":"Rezaei A, Rezaei-Dorostkar K, Ahmadizadeh C, Jafari B. A comparative study of sedative and anxiolytic effects of the Hypericum perforatumin and diazepam on rats. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;13(8)."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4361_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.12.007","volume":"98","author":"H Hosseinzadeh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi G-R, Rakhshanizadeh M. Anticonvulsant effect of Hypericum perforatum: role of nitric oxide. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98(1\u20132):207\u20138.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4361_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1078\/09447110260572985","volume":"9","author":"V Ivetic","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ivetic V, Popovic M, Mimica-Dukic N, Barak O, Pilija V. St. John\u2019s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and kindling epilepsy in rabbit. Phytomedicine. 2002;9(6):496\u20139.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"4361_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"issue":"5","key":"4361_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn065","volume":"37","author":"NA Patsopoulos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patsopoulos NA, Evangelou E, Ioannidis JP. Sensitivity of between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis: proposed metrics and empirical evaluation. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37(5):1148\u201357.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7109","key":"4361_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"04","key":"4361_CR29","first-page":"18","volume":"12","author":"Y Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang Y, Yulan H, Bin H, Baoming H, Suping L, poplar, et al. A comparative study on shugan-jieyu capsule and sertraline in the treatment of epilepsy patients combined with mild to moderate depression practical. Hosp Clin J. 2015;12(04):18\u201320.","journal-title":"Hosp Clin J"},{"issue":"01","key":"4361_CR30","first-page":"66","volume":"10","author":"H Yulan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yulan H, Liang Y, Yi H. Effects of Shugan-Jieyu Capsule on mild to Moderate Depression in adult patients with epilepsy. J Chengdu Med Coll. 2015;10(01):66\u20139.","journal-title":"J Chengdu Med Coll"},{"issue":"20","key":"4361_CR31","first-page":"18","volume":"32","author":"Z Xiaoling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiaoling Z. Effects of Shugan Jieyu capsules on patients with epilepsy and depressive disorder. China Minkang Medicine. 2020;32(20):18\u20139.","journal-title":"China Minkang Medicine"},{"issue":"06","key":"4361_CR32","first-page":"93","volume":"42","author":"X Jiaping","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiaping X, Zhiru Z, Xiongfei Z, Ruijuan Z. Therapeutic effect of Shugan Jieyu capsule in the treatment of epilepsy complicated with depression. Int J Psychiatry. 2015;42(06):93\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"4361_CR33","first-page":"1031","volume":"11","author":"F Xingmei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xingmei F, Chunxia L. Analysis of the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on Shuganjieyu capsule in the treatment of patients with post-epilepsy depression and its optimization and improvement. Disease Surveillance and Control. 2017;11(12):1031\u20132.","journal-title":"Disease Surveillance and Control"},{"issue":"21","key":"4361_CR34","first-page":"64","volume":"25","author":"P Hongshan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hongshan P, Cuiying M, Jiayi H. Shuganjieyu Capsule in the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with Epilepsy: evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety. Chin folk Med. 2016;25(21):64\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin folk Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"4361_CR35","first-page":"12","volume":"17","author":"Z Chenqi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chenqi Z, Meiling H, Hongbin S. The efficacy,safety and quality of life of tandospirone and shuganjieyu capsule in the treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression of epilepsy. Practical Hosp Clin J. 2020;17(03):12\u20135.","journal-title":"Practical Hosp Clin J"},{"issue":"04","key":"4361_CR36","first-page":"258","volume":"37","author":"W Xiaorong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiaorong W, Xiaolan L, Ya C, Qionggui Z. Analysis of the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on Shuganjieyu capsule in the treatment of patients with post-epilepsy depression and its optimization and improvement. World Clin Med. 2016;37(04):258\u201360.","journal-title":"World Clin Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"4361_CR37","first-page":"57","volume":"16","author":"S Huan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huan S, Bo L. The efficacy of tandospirone citrate combined with Shugan Jieyu capsule in the treatment of anxiety and depression comorbid with epilepsy. Ration Clin use Drugs. 2023;16(06):57\u201360.","journal-title":"Ration Clin use Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"4361_CR38","first-page":"12","volume":"17","author":"Hong-bin ZC-qHM-lS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong-bin ZC-qHM-lS. The efficacy, safety and quality of life of tandospirone and shuganjieyu capsule in the treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression of epilepsy. Practical Hosp Clin J. 2020;17(3):12\u20135.","journal-title":"Practical Hosp Clin J"},{"key":"4361_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;343.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002"},{"key":"4361_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S84852","volume":"12","author":"L Dalic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dalic L, Cook MJ. Managing drug-resistant epilepsy: challenges and solutions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:2605.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"4361_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000103282.62353.85","volume":"62","author":"L Boylan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boylan L, Flint L, Labovitz D, Jackson S, Starner K, Devinsky O. Depression but not seizure frequency predicts quality of life in treatment-resistant epilepsy. Neurology. 2004;62(2):258\u201361.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4361_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01088.x","volume":"119","author":"D Kondziella","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kondziella D, Asztely F. Don\u2019t be afraid to treat depression in patients with epilepsy! Acta Neurol Scand. 2009;119(2):75\u201380.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"11","key":"4361_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.11.1217","volume":"63","author":"MJ Taylor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taylor MJ, Freemantle N, Geddes JR, Bhagwagar Z. Early onset of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant action: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63(11):1217\u201323.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"4361_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2017.12.002","volume":"48","author":"EE Hathaway","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hathaway EE, Walkup JT, Strawn JR. Antidepressant treatment duration in pediatric depressive and anxiety disorders: how long is long enough? Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2018;48(2):31\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"4361_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.7.6.559","volume":"7","author":"RW Lam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lam RW, Annemans L. Efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of escitalopram in the treatment of major depressive and anxiety disorders. Expert Rev PharmacoEcon Outcomes Res. 2007;7(6):559\u201376.","journal-title":"Expert Rev PharmacoEcon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"4361_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2014.956081","volume":"10","author":"D Italiano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Italiano D, Spina E, de Leon J. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between antiepileptics and antidepressants. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014;10(11):1457\u201389.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4361_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1996)4:4<160::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"4","author":"JM Gorman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gorman JM. Comorbid depression and anxiety spectrum disorders. Depress Anxiety. 1996;4(4):160\u20138.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"4361_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang M, Bai X. Shugan Jieyu Capsule in Post-stroke Depression Treatment: from molecules to systems. Front Pharmacol. 2022:61.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.821270"},{"issue":"12","key":"4361_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4938","volume":"27","author":"L Jin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jin L, Wu F, Li X, Li H, Du C, Jiang Q, et al. Anti-depressant effects of Aqueous Extract from Acanthopanax senticosus in mice. Phytother Res. 2013;27(12):1829\u201333.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"4361_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.02.007","volume":"57","author":"X Bian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bian X, Liu X, Liu J, Zhao Y, Li H, Cai E, et al. Study on antidepressant activity of chiisanoside in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;57:33\u201342.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4361_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000937","volume":"6","author":"V Butterweck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Butterweck V, Winterhoff H, Herkenham M. St John\u2019s wort, hypericin, and imipramine: a comparative analysis of mRNA levels in brain areas involved in HPA axis control following short-term and long-term administration in normal and stressed rats. Mol Psychiatry. 2001;6(5):547\u201364.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"4361_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1006\/ebeh.2001.0281","volume":"2","author":"M Spinella","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spinella M. Herbal medicines and epilepsy: the potential for benefit and adverse effects. Epilepsy Behav. 2001;2(6):524\u201332.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"4361_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.08.037","volume":"156","author":"S-n Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang S-n. Neuroprotection or neurotoxicity? New insights into the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus harms on nervous system through cerebral metabolomics analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;156:290\u2013300.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4361_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107695","volume":"115","author":"S Elkommos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elkommos S, Mula M. A systematic review of neuroimaging studies of depression in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2021;115:107695.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"4361_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829","volume":"184","author":"L Manea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2012;184(3):E191\u2013E6.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"4361_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma S, Yang J, Yang BX, Kang L, Wang P, Zhang N et al. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 versus the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression in assessing major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2021:1974.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.747139"},{"issue":"2","key":"4361_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439300500202","volume":"5","author":"FJ Kohout","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kohout FJ, Berkman LF, Evans DA, Cornoni-Huntley J. Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. J Aging Health. 1993;5(2):179\u201393.","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"4361_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107025","volume":"106","author":"N-g Xia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xia N-g, Ding S-q, Lin J-h, Dong F-r, Du Y-r, Wang X-s, et al. Comparison of the performance of two depression rating scales in patients with epilepsy in southern China. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;106:107025.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04361-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04361-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04361-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T01:03:14Z","timestamp":1706576594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04361-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04361-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"63"}}