{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T15:15:09Z","timestamp":1794496509174,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Modern medicine is not the choice of patients with <jats:italic>\u201cshimetere\u201d<\/jats:italic> in the Gurage community owing to their perception of \u2018parenteral medication use severely aggravates the disease\u2019. For this reason, the root part of Polygala sadebeckiana G\u00fcrke is commonly utilized as traditional medicine in the management of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Polygala sadebeckiana G\u00fcrke extract on bacterial isolates from wound samples of patients with \u201c<jats:italic>Shimetere<\/jats:italic>\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>The agar well diffusion<\/jats:italic> method was used to evaluate antibacterial activity, and the <jats:italic>agar dilution method<\/jats:italic> was utilized to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MICs). The crude extract was tested against isolated bacteria at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100\u00a0mg\/mL in triplicate (3x). The positive controls were azithromycin (15\u00a0\u00b5g) and cloxacillin disk (5\u00a0\u00b5g), and the negative control was dimethylsulfoxide (5%). The group mean comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA at a significance level of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, and the results are presented as the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation. The presence of secondary metabolites from crude extract was checked by standard testing procedures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. pyrogen<\/jats:italic> were the two identified bacteria from 9 (60%) and 3 (20%) wound samples, respectively. All identified bacterial strains were susceptible to the reference antibiotics. Tannins and saponins were the most abundant secondary metabolites found in the crude extracts. The average inhibition zones of the plant extracts with 100, 75, 50 and 25\u00a0mg\/mL concentrations were 27, 20.33, 15.25, and 11.96\u00a0mm (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.000<\/jats:italic>) for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and 30.02, 24.50, 19.07, and 15.77\u00a0mm (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.000<\/jats:italic>) for <jats:italic>S. pyrogen<\/jats:italic> bacteria, respectively. The MIC and MBC of the crude extract were 1.67 and 10\u00a0mg\/mL for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and 0.98 and 4\u00a0mg\/mL for <jats:italic>S. pyrogen<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Polygala sadebeckiana G\u00fcrke<\/jats:italic> contained significant tannins and saponins as secondary metabolites and had antibacterial activities against isolated bacteria (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. pyrogen<\/jats:italic>) from \u201c<jats:italic>Shimetere<\/jats:italic>\u201d. The potential mechanism of antibacterial action of the plant extract was cell wall synthesis inhibition.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04371-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T13:02:25Z","timestamp":1706792545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Polygala sadebeckiana G\u00fcrke extracts on bacterial isolates from Wound samples of patients with \u201cShimetere\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Bereket","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebene","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meskele","family":"Bireda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melaku","family":"Yitbarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andamlak","family":"Dendir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.04.012","volume":"140","author":"Y Christine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Christine Y, Nathan K, Lloyd S. 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Written informed consent was obtained from the study participants before collecting patient samples. Patient identifiers were not used to confirm the privacy of study participants, and all data taken during the data collection process were kept confidential and used only for our research purpose. Generally, experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki, and the collection of plant material complied with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"It is not applicable because the manuscript cannot contain individual person\u2019s data in any form (including individual\u2019s detailed images or videos).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"72"}}