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The quality of the RCTs was evaluated using Cochrane\u2019s RoB tool.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Several conditions were investigated in the literature. In rheumatoid arthritis, mixed results were observed, with some studies reporting significant improvements in symptoms while others found no significant impact. EPO showed some results in diabetes mellitus, atopic eczema, menopausal hot flashes, and mastalgia. However, it did not demonstrate effectiveness in chronic hand dermatitis, tardive dyskinesia, psoriatic arthritis, cystic fibrosis, hepatitis B, premenstrual syndrome, contact lens-associated dry eyes, acne vulgaris, breast cyst, pre-eclampsia, psoriasis, or primary Sjogren's syndrome. Some results were reported from multiple sclerosis after EPO consumption. Studies in healthy volunteers indicated no significant effect of EPO on epidermal atrophy, nevertheless, positive effects on the skin regarding hydration and barrier function were achieved.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Some evidence regarding the potential benefits of EPO in inflammatory disorders were reported however caution is due to the limitations of the current survey. Overall, contemporary literature is highly heterogeneous and fails to provide strong recommendations regarding the efficacy of EPO on inflammatory disorders. Further high-quality studies are necessitated to draw more definite conclusions and establish <jats:italic>O. biennis<\/jats:italic> oil effectiveness as an assuring treatment option in alleviating inflammatory conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04378-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T08:03:09Z","timestamp":1707984189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The effect of Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose) oil on inflammatory diseases: a systematic review of clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Melika","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Nourani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-5631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarvin","family":"Sanaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8950-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaz","family":"Hamedeyazdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4378_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1017\/wet.2019.53","volume":"33","author":"LE Steckel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steckel LE, Sosnoskie LM, Steckel SJ. 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