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Studies have shown that oxidative stress with the subsequent inflammation and apoptosis cause these complications in diabetes. Garlic (G) (<jats:italic>Allium sativum L<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad<\/jats:italic> (C) both have antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Recently, we demonstrated their synergistic effects in alleviating reproductive complications when administered concomitantly. However, as even medicinal plants in long term usage may lead to some unwanted side effects of their own, we examined whether with half the original doses of these two medicinal plants we could achieve the desired results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097\/group): Control, Diabetic, Diabetic\u2009+\u2009G (0.5\u00a0ml\/100\u00a0g BW), Diabetic\u2009+\u2009C (5\u00a0mg\/kg BW) and Diabetic\u2009+\u2009GC (0.5\u00a0ml\/100\u00a0g BW of garlic and 5\u00a0mg\/kg BW of <jats:italic>C. colocynthis<\/jats:italic>) groups. The experimental period was 30\u00a0days.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), immunoexpression of caspase-3, and expression of mRNAs for receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) and nuclear factor kappa B increased in testis of diabetic rats. Treatment with garlic and <jats:italic>C. colocynthis<\/jats:italic> alone showed some beneficial effects, but in the combination form the effectiveness was more profound.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conclude that the combination therapy of diabetic rats with lower doses is still as efficient as higher doses; therefore, the way forward for reducing complications in long term consumption.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04402-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T07:02:06Z","timestamp":1712300526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of garlic (Allium sativum L) and\u00a0Citrullus colocynthis\u00a0(L.) Schrad individually and in combination on male reproductive damage due to diabetes: suppression of the AGEs\/RAGE\/Nox-4 signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aghileh","family":"Mohammadzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Gol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Kheirandish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2011.01178.x","volume":"44","author":"J Karimi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karimi J, Goodarzi M, Tavilani H, Khodadadi I, Amiri I. 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