{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T23:33:26Z","timestamp":1775691206076,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Diabetes affects 75% of people in low-income countries, where conventional drugs like metformin are available, but newer drugs like alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are not accessible to most Southern African patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate the \u03b1-glucosidase and \u03b1-amylase inhibitory activities of fractionated aqueous extracts of <jats:italic>Kigelia africana<\/jats:italic> fruit (KAFE) and their phytochemical fingerprints using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We studied <jats:italic>K. africana<\/jats:italic> fruit fractions' inhibitory effects on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase using bioassay-guided fractionation, and analyzed their phytochemical profiles with GC\u2013MS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Both the aqueous extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous extract exhibited a low dose-dependent inhibition of alpha-amylase activity (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). At a concentration of 500\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, the aqueous extract caused an alpha-glucosidase inhibition of 64.10\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7%, with an estimated IC50 of 193.7\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, while the ethyl acetate fraction had an inhibition of 89.82\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8% and an estimated IC50 of 10.41\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. The subfraction G, which had the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 85.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7%, had significantly lower activity than the ethyl acetate fraction. The most bioactive fraction was found to contain 11\"(2-cyclopenten-1-yl) undecanoic acid, (\u2009+)- and cyclopentane undecanoic acid as well as the indole alkaloids Akuammilan-17-ol-10-methoxy, N-nitroso-2-methyl-oxazolidine and epoxide Oxirane2.2\u2033 -(1.4-butanediyl) bis-.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The <jats:italic>K. africana<\/jats:italic> fruit fraction demonstrated significant alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while its alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was limited. This study suggests a potential natural alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and phytocompounds that could serve as leads for developing antidiabetic agents.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04510-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T08:01:57Z","timestamp":1718179317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Kigelia africana fruit fractions inhibit in vitro alpha-glucosidase activity: a potential natural alpha-glucosidase inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tumelo Akapelwa","family":"Muyenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel K. 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The plant material underwent authentication in the Department of Biological Sciences within the School of Natural Sciences at the University of Zambia (UNZA), by Florence Nyirenda (MSc) a scientist. The specimen had receipt number 1793751 and was mounted in the herbarium under specimen number 22, 420.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"230"}}