{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:16:28Z","timestamp":1778541388093,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FRGS\/1\/2021\/SKK0\/UCSI\/03\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2021\/SKK0\/UCSI\/03\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wound is defined as the damage to biological tissues including skin, mucous membranes and organ tissues. The acute wound heals in less than 4 weeks without complications, while a chronic wound takes longer than 6 weeks to heal. Wound healing occurs in 4 phases, namely, coagulation, inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases. Triclosan and benzalkonium chloride are commonly used as skin disinfectants in wound healing. However, they cause allergic contact dermatitis and antibiotic resistance. Medicinal plants are widely studied due to the limited availability of wound healing agents. The present review included six commonly available medicinal plants in Malaysia such as <jats:italic>Aloe barbadensis<\/jats:italic> Miller, <jats:italic>Carica papaya<\/jats:italic> Linn., <jats:italic>Centella asiatica<\/jats:italic> Linn., <jats:italic>Cymbopogon nardus<\/jats:italic> Linn., <jats:italic>Ficus benghalensis<\/jats:italic> Linn. and <jats:italic>Hibiscus rosa sinensis<\/jats:italic> Linn. Various search engines and databases were used to obtain the scientific findings, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed Central and Research Gate. The review discussed the possible mechanism of action of medicinal plants and their active constituents in the wound healing process. In addition, their application in nanotechnology and wound dressings was also discussed in detail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04548-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T12:02:35Z","timestamp":1720785755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Review of Malaysian medicinal plants with potential wound healing activity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Christophe","family":"Wiart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Puay Luan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mogana","family":"Rajagopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yik-Ling","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mun Yee","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee Fang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vi Lien","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4548_CR1","volume-title":"StatPearls. Treasure Island","author":"TF Herman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herman TF, Bordoni B. Wound classification. StatPearls. Treasure Island. Florida: StatPearls Publishing; 2022."},{"key":"4548_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684108","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2684108","volume":"2019","author":"A Shedoeva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shedoeva A, Leavesley D, Upton Z, Fan C. Wound healing and the use of medicinal plants. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2019;2019:2684108.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4548_CR3","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Wound Healing Biomaterials","author":"K Saleh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saleh K, S\u00f6nnergren HH. Control and treatment of infected wounds. In: \u00c5gren MS, editor. Wound Healing Biomaterials. Sawston, United Kingdom: Woodhead Publishing; 2016. pp. 107\u201315."},{"key":"4548_CR4","unstructured":"Institute for Public Health. National Health & Morbidity Survey (NHMS). 2019: Non-communicable diseases, healthcare demand and healthcare literacy - Key findings. National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2020. https:\/\/iptk.moh.gov.my\/images\/technical_report\/2020\/4_Infographic_Booklet_NHMS_2019_-_English.pdf. Accessed 25 May 2022."},{"key":"4548_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S359157","volume":"15","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Ren Q, Zhai Y, Kong Y, Chen D, Chang B. Risk factors for multidrug-resistant organisms infection in diabetic foot ulcer. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:1627\u201335.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"4548_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.Sup1.S4","volume":"28","author":"KK Kee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kee KK, Nair HKR, Yuen NP. Risk factor analysis on the healing time and infection rate of diabetic foot ulcers in a referral wound care clinic. J Wound Care. 2019;28:S4\u201313.","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"4548_CR7","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Side effects of drugs Annual","author":"DW Lachenmeier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lachenmeier DW. Chapter 21 - antiseptic drugs and disinfectants. In: Ray SD, editor. Side effects of drugs Annual. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2020. pp. 247\u201352."},{"key":"4548_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.046","volume":"100","author":"J Koehler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koehler J, Brandl FP, Goepferich AM. Hydrogel wound dressings for bioactive treatment of acute and chronic wounds. Eur Polymer J. 2018;100:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur Polymer J"},{"key":"4548_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"OH Hua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hua OH, Tran QTT, Trinh D-TT, Nguyen V-D, Duong DPN, Nguyen TT. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of some Vietnamese wound-healing medicinal plants. Nat Prod Commun. 2022;17:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"key":"4548_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587216654773","volume":"22","author":"A Hosseinkhani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hosseinkhani A, Falahatzadeh M, Raoofi E, Zarshenas MM. An evidence-based review on wound healing herbal remedies from reports of traditional persian medicine. J Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2017;22:334\u201343.","journal-title":"J Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4548_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.08.010","volume":"114","author":"B Kumar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kumar B, Vijayakumar M, Govindarajan R, Pushpangadan P. Ethnopharmacological approaches to wound healing - exploring medicinal plants of India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;114:103\u201313.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2017.06.001","volume":"20","author":"C Qing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qing C. The molecular biology in wound healing & non-healing wound. Chin J Traumatol. 2017;20:189\u201393.","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"4548_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.01.001","volume":"216","author":"BM Delavary","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delavary BM, van der Veer WM, van Egmond M, Niessen FB, Beelen RHJ. Macrophages in skin injury and repair. Immunobiology. 2011;216:753\u201362.","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"4548_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v32.i6.10","volume":"32","author":"C Mills","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mills C. M1 and M2 macrophages: oracles of health and disease. Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32:463\u201388.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"4548_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09782","volume":"469","author":"B Levine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Levine B, Mizushima N, Virgin HW. Autophagy in immunity and inflammation. Nature. 2011;469:323\u201335.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4548_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734824","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/734824","volume":"2013","author":"R Mogana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mogana R, Teng-Jin K, Wiart C. Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant potential of scopoletin isolated from Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth). Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013:734824.","journal-title":"Evidence-based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4548_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986361","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/986361","volume":"2013","author":"R Mogana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mogana R, Teng-Jin K, Wiart C. The medicinal timber Canarium Patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth.) Is an anti-inflammatory bioresource of dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). ISRN Biotechnol. 2013;2013:986361.","journal-title":"ISRN Biotechnol"},{"key":"4548_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000416006.55218.d0","volume":"25","author":"TN Demidova-Rice","year":"2012","unstructured":"Demidova-Rice TN, Hamblin MR, Herman IM. Acute and impaired wound healing: pathophysiology and current methods for drug delivery, part 1: normal and chronic wounds: Biology, causes, and approaches to care. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2012;25:304\u201314.","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"4548_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050700","volume":"11","author":"K Raziyeva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raziyeva K, Kim Y, Zharkinbekov Z, Kassymbek K, Jimi S, Saparov A. Immunology of acute and chronic wound healing. Biomolecules. 2021;11:700.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"4548_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12346","volume":"101","author":"DS Masson-Meyers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Masson-Meyers DS, Andrade TAM, Caetano GF, Guimaraes FR, Leite MN, Leite SN, et al. Experimental models and methods for cutaneous wound healing assessment. Int J Exp Pathol. 2020;101:21\u201337.","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"4548_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12317","volume":"23","author":"KP Wilhelm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilhelm KP, Wilhelm D, Bielfeldt S. Models of wound healing: an emphasis on clinical studies. Skin Res Technol. 2017;23:3\u201312.","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"4548_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.08.005","volume":"138","author":"A Grada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grada A, Mervis J, Falanga V. Research techniques made simple: animal models of wound healing. J Invest Dermatology. 2018;138:2095\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"key":"4548_CR23","first-page":"55","volume":"9","author":"E Grambow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grambow E, Sorg H, Sorg CGG, Str\u00fcder D. Experimental models to study skin wound healing with a focus on angiogenesis. Med Sci. 2021;9:55.","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.44785","volume":"53","author":"A Surjushe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple DG. Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J Dermatology. 2008;53:163\u20136.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatology"},{"key":"4548_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061324","volume":"25","author":"M S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Burgos E, Iglesias I, G\u00f3mez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological update properties of Aloe vera and its major active constituents. Molecules. 2020;25:1324.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4548_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0229-z","volume":"48","author":"KS Ahlawat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahlawat KS, Khatkar BS. Processing, food applications and safety of Aloe vera products: a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2011;48:525\u201333.","journal-title":"J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"4548_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115096","volume":"290","author":"S Razia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razia S, Park H, Shin E, Shim K-S, Cho E, Kang MC, et al. Synergistic effect of Aloe vera flower and aloe gel on cutaneous wound healing targeting MFAP4 and its associated signaling pathway: In-vitro study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022;290:115096.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5174","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205174","volume":"20","author":"H Ezhilarasu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ezhilarasu H, Ramalingam R, Dhand C, Lakshminarayanan R, Sadiq A, Gandhimathi C, et al. Biocompatible Aloe vera and tetracycline hydrochloride loaded hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:5174.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.095","volume":"88","author":"M Hormozi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hormozi M, Assaei R, Boroujeni MB. The effect of Aloe vera on the expression of wound healing factors (TGF\u03b21 and bFGF) in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell: in vitro study. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;88:610\u20136.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4548_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/153100350601800123","volume":"18","author":"BJ Faler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Faler BJ, Macsata RA, Plummer D, Mishra L, Sidawy AN. Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and wound healing. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther. 2006;18:55\u201362.","journal-title":"Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther"},{"key":"4548_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000157852.01402.12","volume":"115","author":"DB Hom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hom DB, Unger GM, Pernell KJ, Manivel JC. Improving surgical wound healing with basic fibroblast growth factor after radiation. Laryngoscope. 2005;115:412\u201322.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"4548_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-021-02240-0","volume":"30","author":"Z Mohebian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohebian Z, Tajmohammadi I, Yavari Maroufi L, Ramezani S, Ghorbani M. A novel Aloe vera-loaded ethylcellulose\/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nanofibrous mat designed for wound healing application. J Polym Environ. 2022;30:867\u201377.","journal-title":"J Polym Environ"},{"key":"4548_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.11.006","volume":"523","author":"I Garcia-Orue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Orue I, Gainza G, Gutierrez FB, Aguirre JJ, Evora C, Pedraz JL, et al. Novel nanofibrous dressings containing rhEGF and Aloe vera for wound healing applications. Int J Pharm. 2017;523:556\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"4548_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/0883911517731793","volume":"33","author":"M Naseri-Nosar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naseri-Nosar M, Farzamfar S, Salehi M, Vaez A, Tajerian R, Azami M. Erythropoietin\/Aloe vera-releasing wet-electrospun polyvinyl alcohol\/chitosan sponge-like wound dressing: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Bioactive Compatible Polym. 2018;33:269\u201381.","journal-title":"J Bioactive Compatible Polym"},{"key":"4548_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.08.020","volume":"93","author":"S Baghersad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baghersad S, Bahrami SH, Mohammadi MR, Mojtahedi MRM, Milan PB. Development of biodegradable electrospun gelatin\/aloe-vera\/poly(\u03b5caprolactone) hybrid nanofibrous scaffold for application as skin substitutes. Mater Sci Engineering: C. 2018;93:367\u201379.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Engineering: C"},{"key":"4548_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0438","volume":"73","author":"A Atiba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Atiba A, Ueno H, Uzuka Y. The effect of Aloe vera oral administration on cutaneous wound healing in type 2 diabetic rats. J Vet Med Sci. 2011;73:583\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08204FP","volume":"109","author":"S Jettanacheawchankit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jettanacheawchankit S, Sasithanasate S, Sangvanich P, Banlunara W, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan stimulates gingival fibroblast proliferation; expressions of keratinocyte growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and type I collagen; and wound healing. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009;109:525\u201331.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.3.831","volume":"179","author":"GF Pierce","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pierce GF, Yanagihara D, Klopchin K, Danilenko DM, Hsu E, Kenney WC, et al. Stimulation of all epithelial elements during skin regeneration by keratinocyte growth factor. J Exp Med. 1994;179:831\u201340.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"4548_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0027","volume":"25","author":"N Ferrara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor: Basic science and clinical progress. Endocr Rev. 2004;25:581\u2013611.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"4548_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2220104.x","volume":"22","author":"I Aukhil","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aukhil I. Biology of wound healing. Periodontol 2000. 2000;22:44\u201350.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"4548_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2015.03.016","volume":"79","author":"W Xing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xing W, Guo W, Zou C-H, Fu T-T, Li X-Y, Zhu M, et al. Acemannan accelerates cell proliferation and skin wound healing through AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway. J Dermatol Sci. 2015;79:101\u20139.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s13726-013-0219-2","volume":"23","author":"S Suganya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suganya S, Venugopal J, Agnes Mary S, Ramakrishna S, Lakshmi BS, Giri Dev VR. Aloe vera incorporated biomimetic nanofibrous scaffold: a regenerative approach for skin tissue engineering. Iran Polym J. 2014;23:237\u201348.","journal-title":"Iran Polym J"},{"key":"4548_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009058232389","volume":"3","author":"E-J Moon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moon E-J, Lee YM, Lee O-H, Lee M-J, Lee S-K, Chung M-H, et al. A novel angiogenic factor derived from Aloe vera gel: \u03b2-sitosterol, a plant sterol. Angiogenesis. 1999;3:117\u201323.","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"4548_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.02.005","volume":"28","author":"HM Wahedi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wahedi HM, Jeong M, Chae JK, Do SG, Yoon H, Kim SY. Aloesin from Aloe vera accelerates skin wound healing by modulating MAPK\/Rho and smad signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine. 2017;28:19\u201326.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"4548_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2009.0428","volume":"16","author":"F Eshghi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eshghi F, Hosseinimehr SJ, Rahmani N, Khademloo M, Norozi MS, Hojati O. Effects of Aloe vera cream on posthemorrhoidectomy pain and wound healing: results of a randomized, blind, placebo-control study. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16:647\u201350.","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"4548_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panahi Y, Sharif MR, Sharif A, Beiraghdar F, Zahiri Z, Amirchoopani G et al. A randomized comparative trial on the therapeutic efficacy of topical Aloe vera and Calendula officinalis on diaper dermatitis in children. The Scientific World Journal. 2012;2012:810234.","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/810234"},{"key":"4548_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5316","volume":"29","author":"M Miroddi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miroddi M, Navarra M, Calapai F, Mancari F, Giofr\u00e8 SV, Gangemi S, et al. Review of clinical pharmacology of Aloe vera L. in the treatment of psoriasis. Phytother Res. 2015;29:648\u201355.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"4548_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.03.069","volume":"64","author":"S Anjum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anjum S, Gupta A, Sharma D, Gautam D, Bhan S, Sharma A, et al. Development of novel wound care systems based on nanosilver nanohydrogels of polymethacrylic acid with Aloe vera and curcumin. Mater Sci Engineering: C. 2016;64:157\u201366.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Engineering: C"},{"key":"4548_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.076","volume":"93","author":"S Ghayempour","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghayempour S, Montazer M, Mahmoudi Rad M. Encapsulation of Aloe vera extract into natural tragacanth gum as a novel green wound healing product. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;93:344\u20139. Part A.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4548_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2021.100442","volume":"28","author":"M Akhdar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akhdar M, Abedini R, Tavakolpour S, Gholibeigian Z, Azizpour A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a commercial Aloe vera gel for mitigation of phototherapy side-effects in vitiligo patients. J Herb Med. 2021;28:100442.","journal-title":"J Herb Med"},{"key":"4548_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho FH, Salvadori G, Rados PV, Magnusson A, Danilevicz CK, Meurer L et al. Topical Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) extract does not accelerate the oral wound healing in rats. Phytother Res. 2015;29.","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5352"},{"key":"4548_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/10590501.2016.1166826","volume":"34","author":"X Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo X, Mei N. Aloe vera: a review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects. J Environ Sci Health Part C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Reviews. 2016;34:77\u201396.","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health Part C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Reviews"},{"key":"4548_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01380","volume":"9","author":"R Sekeli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sekeli R, Hamid MH, Razak RA, Wee CY, Ong-Abdullah J. Malaysian Carica papaya L. var. Eksotika: current research strategies fronting challenges. Front Plant Sci. 2018;9:1380.","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR54","unstructured":"Mahidin MU. Supply and utilization accounts selected agricultural commodities, Malaysia 2015\u20132019. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2020. https:\/\/www.dosm.gov.my\/v1\/index.php?r=column\/cthemeByCat&cat=164&bul_id=OTM1TDMzS1IvYm5mU1JiU1Fwekt3UT09&menu_id=Z0VTZGU1UHBUT1VJMFlpaXRRR0xpdz09. Accessed 7 May 2022."},{"key":"4548_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60617-4","volume":"5","author":"T Vij","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vij T, Prashar Y. A review on medicinal properties of Carica papaya Linn. Asian Pac J Trop Disease. 2015;5:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Disease"},{"key":"4548_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030517","volume":"25","author":"HH Soib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soib HH, Ismail HF, Husin F, Abu Bakar MH, Yaakob H, Sarmidi MR. Bioassay-guided different extraction techniques of Carica papaya (Linn.) Leaves on in vitro wound-healing activities. Molecules. 2020;25:517.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4548_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8306519","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8306519","volume":"2019","author":"RF Hakim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hakim RF, Fakhrurrazi. Dinni. Effect of Carica papaya extract toward incised wound healing process in mice (Mus musculus) clinically and histologically. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2019;2019:8306519.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4548_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.9734\/ajbgmb\/2020\/v3i330088","volume":"3","author":"AI Airaodion","year":"2020","unstructured":"Airaodion AI, Ekenjoku JA, Akaninyene IU, Megwas AU. Antibacterial potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Carica papaya leaves. Asian J Biochem Genet Mol Biology. 2020;3:33\u20138.","journal-title":"Asian J Biochem Genet Mol Biology"},{"key":"4548_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.22146\/majkedgiind.37026","volume":"5","author":"A Femilian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Femilian A, Agustina D, Subagyo G. The effect of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L) on healing process of buccal traumatic ulcer in Wistar rats. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia. 2019;5:15\u201322.","journal-title":"Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia"},{"key":"4548_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.32539\/bji.v7i2.378","volume":"7","author":"M Sim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sim M, Nauli HT, Khanh DP, Novelya, Nicoline FF. The effectiveness of the combination of nanoparticles from Carica papaya L. leaf and chitosan 1% against fibroblasts in the tooth socket of Wistar rats. Biomedical J Indonesia. 2021;7:388\u201394.","journal-title":"Biomedical J Indonesia"},{"key":"4548_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.37939\/jrmc.v25i2.1385","volume":"25","author":"S Rashid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rashid S, Khan H, Iqbal Y. Role of topical papaya application in debridement of deep burn wounds. J Rawalpindi Med Coll. 2021;25:171\u20134.","journal-title":"J Rawalpindi Med Coll"},{"key":"4548_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4103\/NJM.NJM_209_20","volume":"30","author":"EU Nwankwo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nwankwo EU, Maduba CC, Modekwe VI, Nnadozie UU. The use of unripe pawpaw for wound bed preparation following radiation-induced sacral ulcer: a case report and review of literature. Niger J Med. 2021;30:339\u201341.","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"4548_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34830","volume":"109","author":"Y Xue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xue Y, Qi C, Dong Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Liu Y, et al. Poly (\u03b3-glutamic acid)\/chitooligo-saccharide\/papain hydrogel prevents hypertrophic scar during skin wound healing. J Biomedical Mater Res Part B Appl Biomaterials. 2021;109:1724\u201334.","journal-title":"J Biomedical Mater Res Part B Appl Biomaterials"},{"key":"4548_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v11i5.4978","volume":"11","author":"M Ahmad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmad M, Nasir A. Management of non-healing ulcer by the use of crushed raw papaya along with leeching: a case study. J Drug Delivery Ther. 2021;11:1\u20134.","journal-title":"J Drug Delivery Ther"},{"key":"4548_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-653X.195533","volume":"24","author":"RC Jayarajan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jayarajan RC, Narayanan Pv, Adenwalla HS. Papaya pulp for enzymatic wound debridement in burns. Indian J Burns. 2016;24:24\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Burns"},{"key":"4548_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(99)00056-X","volume":"25","author":"IF Starley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Starley IF, Mohammed P, Schneider G, Bickler SW. The treatment of paediatric burns using topical papaya. Burns. 1999;25:636\u20139.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"4548_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.103302","volume":"44","author":"MB Murthy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murthy MB, Murthy BK, Bhave S. Comparison of safety and efficacy of papaya dressing with hydrogen peroxide solution on wound bed preparation in patients with wound gape. Indian J Pharmacol. 2012;44:784\u20137.","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR68","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional supplements","author":"AB Nafiu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nafiu AB, Alli-Oluwafuyi AM, Haleemat A, Olalekan IS, Rahman MT. Chapter 3.32 - papaya (Carica papaya L., Pawpaw). In: Nabavi SM, Silva AS, editors. Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional supplements. Massachusetts, United States: Academic; 2019. pp. 335\u201359."},{"key":"4548_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5511221","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5511221","volume":"2021","author":"XY Lim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lim XY, Chan JSW, Japri N, Lee JC, Tan TYC. Carica papaya L. leaf: a systematic scoping review on biological safety and herb-drug interactions. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2021;2021:5511221.","journal-title":"Evidence-based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4548_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1346690","volume":"55","author":"V Anjum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anjum V, Arora P, Ansari SH, Najmi AK, Ahmad S. Antithrombocytopenic and immunomodulatory potential of metabolically characterized aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves. Pharm Biol. 2017;55:2043\u201356.","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"4548_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2013.33378","volume":"30","author":"W Bylka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bylka W, Znajdek-Awize\u0144 P, Studzi\u0144ska-Sroka E, Brzezi\u0144ska M. Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Adv Dermatology Allergology\/Post\u0119py Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2013;30:46\u20139.","journal-title":"Adv Dermatology Allergology\/Post\u0119py Dermatologii i Alergologii"},{"key":"4548_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20760","volume":"10","author":"V Prakash","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prakash V, Jaiswal N, Srivastava M. A review on medicinal properties of Centella asiatica. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017;10:69\u201374.","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Clin Res"},{"key":"4548_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16021310","volume":"16","author":"P Hashim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hashim P, Sidek H, Helan MHM, Sabery A, Palanisamy UD, Ilham M. Triterpene composition and bioactivities of Centella asiatica. Molecules. 2011;16:1310\u201322.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4548_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020273","volume":"14","author":"S Anand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anand S, Rajinikanth PS, Arya DK, Pandey P, Gupta RK, Sankhwar R, et al. Multifunctional biomimetic nanofibrous scaffold loaded with asiaticoside for rapid diabetic wound healing. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14:273.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"4548_CR75","first-page":"1419146","volume":"2022","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang D, Deng J, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. Preparation and safety evaluation of Centella asiatica total glycosides nitric oxide gel and its therapeutic effect on diabetic cutaneous ulcers. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2022;2022:1419146.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4548_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-8603(02)00002-2","volume":"7","author":"A Schwentker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schwentker A, Vodovotz Y, Weller R, Billiar TR. Nitric oxide and wound repair: role of cytokines? Nitric Oxide: Biology Chem. 2002;7:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide: Biology Chem"},{"key":"4548_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Zhang H, Tan Q. Asiaticoside expedites recovery of diabetic ulcers through activation of Wnt1\/\u03b2-catenin signaling cascade. Res Square. 2022;:1\u201327.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1396209\/v1"},{"key":"4548_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-015-0103-4","volume":"6","author":"Y Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi Y, Shu B, Yang R, Xu Y, Xing B, Liu J, et al. Wnt and notch signaling pathway involved in wound healing by targeting c-Myc and Hes1 separately. Stem Cell Res Therapy. 2015;6:120.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Therapy"},{"key":"4548_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-103","volume":"12","author":"J Somboonwong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Somboonwong J, Kankaisre M, Tantisira B, Tantisira MH. Wound healing activities of different extracts of Centella asiatica in incision and burn wound models: an experimental animal study. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2012;12:103.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"4548_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42791","volume":"69","author":"CD Coldren","year":"2003","unstructured":"Coldren CD, Hashim P, Ali JMohd, Oh S-K, Sinskey AJ, Rha CK. Gene expression changes in the human fibroblast induced by Centella asiatica triterpenoids. Planta Med. 2003;69:725\u201332.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"4548_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-26750","volume":"68","author":"S Choi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Choi S, Kim K-W, Choi J-S, Han S-T, Park Y-I, Lee S-K, et al. Angiogenic activity of \u03b2-sitosterol in the ischaemia\/reperfusion-damaged brain of Mongolian gerbil. Planta Med. 2002;68:330\u20135.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"4548_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-916227","volume":"72","author":"J Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee J, Jung E, Kim Y, Park J, Park J, Hong S, et al. Asiaticoside induces human collagen I synthesis through TGF\u03b2 receptor I kinase (T\u03b2RI kinase)-independent smad signaling. Planta Med. 2006;72:324\u20138.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"4548_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848093","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/848093","volume":"2012","author":"F Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu F, Bian D, Xia Y, Gong Z, Tan Q, Chen J, et al. Identification of major active ingredients responsible for burn wound healing of Centella asiatica herbs. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2012;2012:848093.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4548_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-020-00503-0","volume":"21","author":"S Syed Zameer Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Syed Zameer Ahmed S, Balu N, Khader SZA, Mahboob MR, Lakshmanan SO, Vetrivel M. Fabrication and evaluation of bamboo fabric coated with extracts of Curcuma longa, Centella asiatica and Azadirachta indica as a wound dressing material. Adv Traditional Med. 2021;21:83\u201395.","journal-title":"Adv Traditional Med"},{"key":"4548_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khotimah H, Setiawan A, Rita CI, Mardiyah M, Ali A, Sukatman MP et al. In silico studies of natural compounds of Centella asiatica as anti-aging and wound healing agents. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. Maryland, United States: American Institute of Physics Publishing; 2021. p. 030031.","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0053016"},{"key":"4548_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11040494","volume":"11","author":"G Chianese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chianese G, Masi F, Cicia D, Ciceri D, Arpini S, Falzoni M, et al. Isomadecassoside, a new ursane-type triterpene glycoside from Centella asiatica leaves, reduces nitrite levels in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Biomolecules. 2021;11:494.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"4548_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.02.003","volume":"50","author":"T Phaechamud","year":"2015","unstructured":"Phaechamud T, Yodkhum K, Charoenteeraboon J, Tabata Y. Chitosan-aluminum monostearate composite sponge dressing containing asiaticoside for wound healing and angiogenesis promotion in chronic wound. Mater Sci Engineering: C. 2015;50:210\u201325.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Engineering: C"},{"key":"4548_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4321\/S1130-01082005000200006","volume":"97","author":"OA Jorge","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jorge OA, Jorge AD. Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Centella asiatica. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2005;97:115\u201324.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"4548_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.12.012","volume":"43","author":"S Dantuluri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dantuluri S, North-Lewis P, Karthik SV. Gotu Kola induced hepatotoxicity in a child - need for caution with alternative remedies. Dig Liver Disease. 2011;43:500.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Disease"},{"key":"4548_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.78519","volume":"72","author":"KJ Gohil","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gohil KJ, Patel JA, Gajjar AK. Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: a potential herbal cure - all. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010;72:546\u201356.","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5110","volume":"28","author":"W Bylka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bylka W, Znajdek-Awize\u0144 P, Studzi\u0144ska-Sroka E, Da\u0144czak-Pazdrowska A, Brzezi\u0144ska M. Centella asiatica in dermatology: an overview. Phytother Res. 2014;28:1117\u201324.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"4548_CR92","first-page":"3873","volume":"21","author":"NL Arpiwi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arpiwi NL, Muksin IK, Kartini NL. Essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus and repellant activity against Aedes aegypti. Biodiversitas. 2020;21:3873\u20138.","journal-title":"Biodiversitas"},{"key":"4548_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00198","volume":"7","author":"R Kandimalla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kandimalla R, Kalita S, Choudhury B, Dash S, Kalita K, Kotoky J. Chemical composition and anti-candidiasis mediated wound healing property of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil on chronic diabetic wounds. Front Pharmacol. 2016;7:198.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2020-0007","volume":"11","author":"B Bayala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bayala B, Coulibaly AY, Djigma FW, Nagalo BM, Baron S, Figueredo G, et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of the essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus, a plant used in traditional medicine. Biomol Concepts. 2020;11:86\u201396.","journal-title":"Biomol Concepts"},{"key":"4548_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2012.10644118","volume":"15","author":"B Solomon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. 2012;15:766\u201373.","journal-title":"J Essent Oil Bearing Plants"},{"key":"4548_CR96","first-page":"105","volume":"2","author":"Y Anwar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anwar Y, Ningtiyas NA, Simanjuntak P. Isolation of citronellal from Cymbopogon nardus (L) Rendle and its activity test as a burn healing in mice. Curr Res Biosci Biotechnol. 2020;2:105\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Res Biosci Biotechnol"},{"key":"4548_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.46542\/pe.2022.222.218224","volume":"22","author":"RJ Sagala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sagala RJ, Kambira PFA, Gunawan U, Pollin G. IAI special edition: the potential of citronella grass to inhibit growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Pharm Educ. 2022;22:218\u201324.","journal-title":"Pharm Educ"},{"key":"4548_CR98","first-page":"e00706","volume":"11","author":"HT Sounouvou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sounouvou HT, Toukourou H, Catteau L, Toukourou F, Evrard B, van Bambeke F, et al. Antimicrobial potentials of essential oils extracted from west African aromatic plants on common skin infections. Sci Afr. 2021;11:e00706.","journal-title":"Sci Afr"},{"key":"4548_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06835","volume":"7","author":"NP Mangalagiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mangalagiri NP, Panditi SK, Jeevigunta NLL. Antimicrobial activity of essential plant oils and their major components. Heliyon. 2021;7:e06835.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4548_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-018-0502-2","volume":"28","author":"EKU Pontes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pontes EKU, Melo HM, Nogueira JWA, Firmino NCS, de Carvalho MG, Catunda J\u00fanior FEA, et al. Antibiofilm activity of the essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and its major component, geraniol, on the bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2019;28:633\u20139.","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"4548_CR101","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Essential oils - bioactive compounds, New perspectives and Applications","author":"O Vostinaru","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vostinaru O, Codruta Heghes S, Filip L. Safety profile of essential oils. In: de Oliveira MS, Silva S, Da Costa WA, editors. Essential oils - bioactive compounds, New perspectives and Applications. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen; 2020. pp. 41\u201350."},{"key":"4548_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122749","volume":"10","author":"S Murugesu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murugesu S, Selamat J, Perumal V. Phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and recent applications of Ficus benghalensis and Ficus religiosa. Plants. 2021;10:2749.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"4548_CR103","first-page":"546","volume":"5","author":"SK Ahirwar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahirwar SK, Singh A, Singh PK, Bijauliya RK, Pateriya K. An updated review of pharmacological studies on Ficus benghalensis Linn. Int J Pharmacognosy. 2018;5:546\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Pharmacognosy"},{"key":"4548_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-022-02223-1","volume":"32","author":"H Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu H, Liu S, Zhang Y. Development of novel green synthesized silver nanoparticles with superior antibacterial and wound healing properties in nursing care after rectal surgery. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater. 2022;32:773\u201380.","journal-title":"J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater"},{"key":"4548_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-021-02319-x","volume":"54","author":"M Imran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Imran M, Sharma JN, Kamal M, Asif M. Standardization and wound-healing activity of petroleum, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ficus benghalensis leaves. Pharm Chem J. 2021;54:1057\u201362.","journal-title":"Pharm Chem J"},{"key":"4548_CR106","first-page":"140","volume":"5","author":"T Afzal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Afzal T, Ali Q, Malik A. Phenolic compounds proliferation by HPLC: to find out antibacterial activities in Ficus benghalensis plant extract. Int J Bot Stud. 2020;5:140\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Bot Stud"},{"key":"4548_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2011.09.038","volume":"67","author":"A Saxena","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saxena A, Tripathi RM, Zafar F, Singh P. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous solution of Ficus benghalensis leaf extract and characterization of their antibacterial activity. Mater Lett. 2012;67:91\u20134.","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"4548_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.56.2.74","volume":"56","author":"EM Sabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabi EM, Mujamammi AH, Sumaily KM, Dahman LS, bin, Althafar ZM. Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperuricemic effect of Ficus benghalensis bark extract in raw 246.7 cell line. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2022;56:520\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Educ Res"},{"key":"4548_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.26452\/ijrpp.v10i4.1381","volume":"10","author":"K Mothilal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mothilal K, Akila C, Mahender K, Chaitanya Kumar K, Ravi D. Comparison of the Ficus for the wound healing activity in various species. Int J Res Phytochemistry Pharmacol. 2020;10:67\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Res Phytochemistry Pharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR110","first-page":"1815","volume":"8","author":"A Raisagar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raisagar A, Kaur CD, Sawarkar HA, Kumar L, Raisagar A, Karmakar A, et al. Comparative study of wound-healing effect of bark extracts of Ficus religiosa & Ficus benghalensis by mice model. J Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry. 2019;8:1815\u201321.","journal-title":"J Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry"},{"key":"4548_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0883911520981705","volume":"36","author":"T Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang T, Yang L, Wang G, Han L, Chen K, Liu P, et al. Biocompatibility, hemostatic properties, and wound healing evaluation of tilapia skin collagen sponges. J Bioactive Compatible Polym. 2021;36:44\u201358.","journal-title":"J Bioactive Compatible Polym"},{"key":"4548_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2021.7068","volume":"9 A","author":"Y Yueniwati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yueniwati Y, Syaban MFR, Erwan NE, Putra GFA, Krisnayana AD. Molecular docking analysis of Ficus religiosa active compound with anti-inflammatory activity by targeting tumour necrosis factor alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in diabetic wound healing. Open Access Macedonian J Med Sci. 2021;9 A:1031\u20136.","journal-title":"Open Access Macedonian J Med Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR113","first-page":"1432","volume":"11","author":"N Hinaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hinaz N, Priya VV, Gayathri R. In vitro tissue repairing properties of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Ficus benghalensis. Drug Invention Today. 2019;11:1432\u20134.","journal-title":"Drug Invention Today"},{"key":"4548_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4103\/2347-9264.165438","volume":"2","author":"TM Honnegowda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Honnegowda TM, Kumar P, Udupa EGP, Kumar S, Kumar U, Rao P. Role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in acute and chronic wound healing. Plast Aesthetic Res. 2015;2:243\u20139.","journal-title":"Plast Aesthetic Res"},{"key":"4548_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1483.63149","volume":"2","author":"M Patel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patel M, Patel P, Patel M. Aqueous extract of Ficus bengalensis Linn. Bark for inflammatory bowel disease. J Young Pharmacists. 2010;2:130\u20136.","journal-title":"J Young Pharmacists"},{"key":"4548_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.42970","volume":"70","author":"T Khan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khan T, Tatke P, Gabhe SY. Immunological studies on the aerial roots of the Indian Banyan. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70:287\u201391.","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR117","first-page":"1449","volume":"2","author":"S Upadhyay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Upadhyay S, Upadhyay P. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis: pharmacological review. Int J Res Pharm Biomedical Sci. 2011;2:1449\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Res Pharm Biomedical Sci"},{"key":"4548_CR118","unstructured":"The Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit. MyGOV - Malaysia Information | National Flower. 2016. https:\/\/www.malaysia.gov.my\/portal\/content\/139. Accessed 22 May 2022."},{"key":"4548_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46796\/ijpc.vi.128","volume":"2","author":"CM Sivaraman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sivaraman CM, Saju F. Medicinal value of Hibiscus rosa sinensis : a review. Int J Pharmacognosy Chem. 2021;2:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Pharmacognosy Chem"},{"key":"4548_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.50.4.15","volume":"50","author":"S Mondal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mondal S, Ghosh D, Sagar N, Ganapaty S. Evaluation of antioxidant, toxicological and wound healing properties of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Malvaceae) ethanolic leaves extract on different experimental animal models. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2016;50:620\u201337.","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Educ Res"},{"key":"4548_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734607302840","volume":"6","author":"B Shivananda Nayak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shivananda Nayak B, Sivachandra Raju S, Orette FA, Chalapathi Rao AV. Effects of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L (Malvaceae) on wound healing activity: a preclinical study in a Sprague Dawley rat. Int J Low Extremity Wounds. 2007;6:76\u201381.","journal-title":"Int J Low Extremity Wounds"},{"key":"4548_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali AA, Jusoh NH, Saridin N, Wahab MSA, Zohdi RM. Evaluation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves extracts as wound healing promoter on rats. In: 2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES). 2014. pp. 352\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/IECBES.2014.7047519"},{"key":"4548_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.01.016","volume":"198","author":"H-M Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen H-M, Chen C, Jiang J-Y, Zheng Y-L, Cai W-F, Wang B, et al. The N-butyl alcohol extract from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flowers enhances healing potential on rat excisional wounds. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;198:291\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.5455\/njppp.2021.11.03094202102052021","volume":"11","author":"S Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma S, Kota K, Pandya ND. A study of angiogenic activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. Using chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2021;11:1080\u20134.","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-021-00562-x","volume":"22","author":"A Karnwal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karnwal A. Vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Calendula officinalis flower extracts against gram negative and gram positive food poisoning bacteria. Adv Traditional Med. 2022;22:607\u201319.","journal-title":"Adv Traditional Med"},{"key":"4548_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-021-01774-y","volume":"11","author":"EE Elemike","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elemike EE, Onwudiwe DC, Mbonu JI. Facile synthesis of cellulose\u2013ZnO-hybrid nanocomposite using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract and their antibacterial activities. Appl Nanosci. 2021;11:1349\u201358.","journal-title":"Appl Nanosci"},{"key":"4548_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8123854","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8123854","volume":"2022","author":"S Periasamy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Periasamy S, Jegadeesan U, Sundaramoorthi K, Rajeswari T, Tokala VNB, Bhattacharya S, et al. Comparative analysis of synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles extracted using leaf, flower, and bark of Hibiscus rosasinensis and examine its antimicrobicidal activity. J Nanomaterials. 2022;2022:8123854.","journal-title":"J Nanomaterials"},{"key":"4548_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.103252","volume":"44","author":"A Bhaskar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhaskar A, Nithya V. Evaluation of the wound-healing activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L (Malvaceae) in Wistar albino rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2012;44:694\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-021-02295-4","volume":"12","author":"S Sen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sen S, Bal T, Rajora AD. Green nanofiber mat from HLM\u2013PVA\u2013Pectin (Hibiscus leaves mucilage\u2013polyvinyl alcohol\u2013pectin) polymeric blend using electrospinning technique as a novel material in wound-healing process. Appl Nanosci. 2022;12:237\u201350.","journal-title":"Appl Nanosci"},{"key":"4548_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5530\/fra.2020.2.15","volume":"10","author":"F Mustaffa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mustaffa F, Parasuraman S, Sahgal G. Wound healing activity of herbal ointment containing the extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers and Curcuma longa rhizomes. Free Radicals Antioxid. 2020;10:86\u20138.","journal-title":"Free Radicals Antioxid"},{"key":"4548_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60053-7","volume":"2","author":"AD Kandhare","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kandhare AD, Raygude KS, Ghosh P, Ghule AE, Gosavi TP, Badole SL, et al. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. Leaves in experimental colitis in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2:337\u201344.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"4548_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5455\/jice.20141028021746","volume":"4","author":"P Nath","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nath P, Yadav AK. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of the methanolic extract from leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. in mice. J Intercultural Ethnopharmacol. 2015;4:70\u20133.","journal-title":"J Intercultural Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4548_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-109434","volume":"67","author":"M Pethe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pethe M, Yelwatkar S, Manchalwar S, Gujar V. Evaluation of biological effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers on alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Drug Res. 2017;67:485\u201392.","journal-title":"Drug Res"},{"key":"4548_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.5455\/jppa.20130616115400","volume":"3","author":"TK Jana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jana TK, Das S, Ray A, Mandal D, Giri JS, Bhattacharya J. Study of the effects of Hibiscus-rosa-Sinensis flower extract on the spermatogenesis of male albino rats. J Physiol Pharmacol Adv. 2013;3:167\u201371.","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol Adv"},{"key":"4548_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0179785","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179785","volume":"12","author":"LAF Afiune","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afiune LAF, Leal-Silva T, Sinzato YK, Moraes-Souza RQ, Soares TS, Campos KE, et al. Beneficial effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower aqueous extract in pregnant rats with diabetes. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0179785.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4548_CR136","unstructured":"Lucas\u2019. May Papaw Remedies\u00a9. Lucas\u2019 Papaw Remedies\u00a9: Ingredients. https:\/\/lucaspapaw.com.au\/pages\/our-ingredients. Accessed 22 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR137","unstructured":"Real Paw Paw. Real Paw Paw ointment: The ingredients. https:\/\/realpawpaw.com.my\/. Accessed 22 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR138","unstructured":"Th\u00e9ra Wise. Natural wound care ointment (SHO natural skin healing ointment). https:\/\/therawise.com\/products\/naturalwoundskinhealing. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR139","unstructured":"Beaphar. Beaphar wound ointment for dogs, cats, small animals & birds 30ml. https:\/\/www.beaphar.co.uk\/product\/13764-beaphar-wound-ointment\/. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR140","unstructured":"Holistic H, Wellness. I\u2019m wounded! Natural wound cream. https:\/\/holistichealeronline.com\/im-wounded-natural-wound-care-cream\/. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR141","unstructured":"Amazon. Elements wound healing cream 25gms. https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/Elements-Wound-Healing-Cream-25Gms\/dp\/B00T00MJA0. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR142","unstructured":"WoundKreme\u2122. WoundKreme\u2122 organic healing ointment: All natural ingredients. https:\/\/woundkreme.com\/about-us\/#list. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR143","unstructured":"Melcura\u2122. Melcura\u2122 HoneyPlus. https:\/\/www.melcura.co.za\/products\/melcura-plus. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR144","unstructured":"Naturaline. GoHeal antiseptic skin ointment for diabetic wounds, burns, non-healing wounds, bedsores, cuts and bruises \u2013 30gms. https:\/\/naturaline.in\/product\/goheal_single_pack\/. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR145","unstructured":"Hurix\u2019s. Hurix\u2019s Aloe vera plus cream. https:\/\/www.hurixs.com.my\/onlinestore\/en\/for-skin\/142-205-hurix-s-krim-luka-aloe-vera-plus.html. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR146","unstructured":"Natural Scents Aromatherapy. Scar and wound healing cream. https:\/\/www.naturalscents.com.au\/shop-now\/scar-and-wound-healing-cream. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR147","unstructured":"FAME Pharmaceuticals Industry. Nemoderm\u00ae wound healing cream. https:\/\/famepharma.com\/nemoderm\/. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR148","unstructured":"Abhaiherb.net. Centella cream. https:\/\/www.abhaiherb.net\/en\/product\/55\/. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR149","unstructured":"Firson Co. Ltd. Non-medicinal products: Madecare ointment (Centella quantitative extract). https:\/\/www.firson.co.kr\/eng\/sub_products\/prod_view.php?p_idx=12&pg=1&block=1&cate=0004_. Accessed 23 May 2024."},{"key":"4548_CR150","unstructured":"Yami. FUYUAN Centella asiatica cream ointment 2.5%. https:\/\/www.yamibuy.com\/en\/p\/fever-warming-patch-baby-patch-female-aunt-pain-patch-10-patches-bag-wormwood-warm-patch\/3030053171?scene=item_category.item&bu_type=category_tree&module_name=category_main&index=1599&content=Skin%20Treatments&track=category-1599-30-3030053171&pg=2. Accessed 23 May 2024."}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04548-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04548-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04548-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T12:03:06Z","timestamp":1720785786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04548-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04548-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"268"}}