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This study achieved the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) by black cumin seed (\n                    <jats:italic>Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) extract, which acts as a reducing and capping agent. The iron nanoparticles and black cumin extract were synthesized in three different concentrations: (01:01, 02:04,01:04). UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and AFM characterized the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra show the maximum absorbance peak of 01:01 concentration at 380\u00a0nm. The other concentrations, such as 02:04, peaked at 400\u00a0nm and 01:04 at 680\u00a0nm, confirming the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles. AFM analysis reveals the spherical shape of iron oxide nanoparticles. The XRD spectra reveal the (fcc) cubic crystal structure of the iron oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR analysis\u2019s peaks at 457.13, 455.20, and 457.13\u00a0cm-1 depict the characteristic iron nanoparticle synthesis. The black cumin extract-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles show substantial antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04552-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T10:02:12Z","timestamp":1718877732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Black seed assisted synthesis, characterization, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of iron oxide nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rajeshkumar","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tharani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahabe Saquib","family":"Abullais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh R.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohmed Isaqali","family":"Karobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4552_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061489","volume":"11","author":"G Muteeb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muteeb G. 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Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019;9(11):1631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano9111631.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04552-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04552-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04552-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T10:02:57Z","timestamp":1718877777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04552-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04552-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical was waived by the by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India as humans are not involved. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines\/regulations\/legislation. Black cumin seeds were purchased from the supermarket near Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, with the relevant guidelines\/regulations\/legislation. Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"241"}}