{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:27:31Z","timestamp":1789000051116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82304973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304973"]}]},{"name":"the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST","award":["2017QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017QNRC001"]}]},{"name":"Young Outstanding Scientific and Technological Talents Program by China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","award":["ZZ13-YQ-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZ13-YQ-027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) are very common in clinical practice, with frequent PVCs (more than 30 beats per hour) or polymorphic PVCs significantly increasing the risk of mortality. Previous studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation improves ventricular arrhythmias. Stimulation of the auricular distribution of the vagus nerve has proven to be a simple, safe, and effective method to activate the vagus nerve. Transcutaneous au ricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has shown promise in both clinical and experimental setting for PVCs; however, high-quality clinical studies are lacking, resulting in insufficient evidence of efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study is a prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled trial with a 1:1 ratio between the two groups. Patients will be randomized to either the treatment group (taVNS) or the control group (Sham-taVNS) with a 6-week treatment and a subsequent 12-week follow-up period. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with a\u2009\u2265\u200950% reduction in the number of PVCs monitored by 24-hour Holter. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients with a\u2009\u2265\u200975% reduction in PVCs, as well as the changes in premature ventricular beats, total heartbeats, and supraventricular premature beats recorded by 24-hour Holter. Additional assessments compared score changes in PVCs-related symptoms, as well as the score change of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and 36-item short form health survey (SF-36).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The TASC-V trial will help to reveal the efficacy and safety of taVNS for frequent PVCs, offering new clinical evidence for the clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04415203 (Registration Date: May 30, 2020).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04568-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T10:03:44Z","timestamp":1722247424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for frequent premature ventricular complexes: rationale and design of the TASC-V trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liya","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongshi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Bin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoxin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhishun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiani","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"4568_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.067843","volume":"92","author":"GA Ng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ng GA. Treating patients with ventricular ectopic beats. Heart. 2006;92(11):1707\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.2005.067843","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"8","key":"4568_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e059337","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059337","volume":"12","author":"Y Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong Y, Li X, Zheng W, et al. Prevalence and heart rate variability characteristics of premature ventricular contractions detected by 24-hour Holter among outpatients with palpitations in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(8):e059337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059337. [published Online First: 20220802].","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"17","key":"4568_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.119.042434","volume":"141","author":"GM Marcus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marcus GM. Evaluation and management of premature ventricular complexes. Circulation. 2020;141(17):1404\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.119.042434. [published Online First: 20200427].","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"4568_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309632","volume":"103","author":"M von Rotz","year":"2017","unstructured":"von Rotz M, Aeschbacher S, Bossard M, et al. Risk factors for premature ventricular contractions in young and healthy adults. Heart. 2017;103(9):702\u201307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309632. [published Online First: 20161021].","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"13","key":"4568_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000548","volume":"138","author":"SM Al-Khatib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS Guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2018;138(13):e210\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000000548","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"4568_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.48305\/arya.2022.16310","volume":"18","author":"H Alimi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alimi H, Bigdelu L, Poorzand H, et al. Assessment of functional and structural echocardiography parameters in patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions without structural heart disease. ARYA Atheroscler. 2022;18(2):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48305\/arya.2022.16310","journal-title":"ARYA Atheroscler"},{"issue":"12","key":"4568_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.05.014","volume":"10","author":"SG Priori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Priori SG, Wilde AA, Horie M, et al. HRS\/EHRA\/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes: document endorsed by HRS, EHRA, and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF, AHA, PACES, and AEPC in June 2013. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(12):1932\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.05.014. [published Online First: 20130830].","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"4568_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.067","volume":"247","author":"Q Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Q, Qin F, Liu N, et al. Is the new risk factor algorithm accurate to predict frequent premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy? Int J Cardiol. 2017;247:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.067","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4568_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.111.963348","volume":"5","author":"GK Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee GK, Klarich KW, Grogan M, et al. Premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy: a treatable condition. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5(1):229\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circep.111.963348","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4568_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.10.036","volume":"15","author":"SM Al-Khatib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm. 2018;15(10):e73\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.10.036. [published Online First: 20171030].","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"2","key":"4568_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.072652","volume":"99","author":"GA Ng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ng GA. Vagal modulation of cardiac ventricular arrhythmia. Exp Physiol. 2014;99(2):295\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.072652. [published Online First: 20130906].","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"4568_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Capilupi MJ, Kerath SM, Becker LB. Vagus nerve stimulation and the Cardiovascular System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020;10(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a034173. [published Online First: 20200203].","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a034173"},{"issue":"6","key":"4568_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90184-2","volume":"89","author":"T Weiss","year":"1975","unstructured":"Weiss T, Lattin GM, Engelman K. Vagally mediated suppression of premature ventricular contractions in man. Am Heart J. 1975;89(6):700\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90184-2","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"4568_CR14","unstructured":"Lai Y. Prevention of noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanism. Wuhan University. 2020."},{"key":"4568_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Annoni EM, Xie X, Lee SW, et al. Intermittent electrical stimulation of the right cervical vagus nerve in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats: effects on blood pressure, arrhythmias, and ventricular electrophysiology. Physiol Rep. 2015;3(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.12476","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12476"},{"key":"4568_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00200","volume":"10","author":"Y Lai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lai Y, Yu L, Jiang H. Autonomic neuromodulation for preventing and treating ventricular arrhythmias. Front Physiol. 2019;10:200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00200. [published Online First: 20190311].","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4568_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2020.01","volume":"9","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Po SS, Amil F, et al. Non-invasive low-level Tragus Stimulation in Cardiovascular diseases. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2020;9(1):40\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/aer.2020.01","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"4568_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auricular Acupuncture Point (WFAS STANDARD-002. 2012). World Journal of Acupuncture Moxibustion 2013;23(3)::12\u201321.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-5257(13)60055-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"4568_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(83)90044-9","volume":"7","author":"RC Rogers","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rogers RC, Hermann GE. Central connections of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve: a horseradish peroxidase histochemical study. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1983;7(2):165\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-1838(83)90044-9","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"4568_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0521-y","volume":"15","author":"J Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, et al. Anti-arrhythmic effect of acupuncture pretreatment in the rats subjected to simulative global ischemia and reperfusion\u2013involvement of intracellular Ca2\u2009+\u2009and connexin 43. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-015-0521-y. [published Online First: 20150205].","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4568_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16158","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules191016158","volume":"19","author":"Y Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang Y, Lu SF, Hu CJ, et al. Electro-acupuncture at Neiguan pretreatment alters genome-wide gene expressions and protects rat myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion. Molecules. 2014;19(10):16158\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules191016158. [published Online First: 20141009].","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"4568_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01878.x","volume":"22","author":"A Lomuscio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lomuscio A, Belletti S, Battezzati PM, et al. Efficacy of acupuncture in preventing atrial fibrillation recurrences after electrical cardioversion. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22(3):241\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01878.x. [published Online First: 20100830].","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4568_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.44.1.130","volume":"44","author":"B Lown","year":"1971","unstructured":"Lown B, Wolf M. Approaches to sudden death from coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1971;44(1):130\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.44.1.130. [published Online First: 1971\/07\/01].","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4568_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-14-85","volume":"14","author":"W He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He W, Jing XH, Zhu B, et al. The auriculo-vagal afferent pathway and its role in seizure suppression in rats. BMC Neurosci. 2013;14:85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-14-85. [published Online First: 20130809].","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4568_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.4022\/jafib.2398","volume":"13","author":"C Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu C, Jiang H, Yu L, et al. Vagal stimulation and arrhythmias. J Atr Fibrillation. 2020;13(1):2398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4022\/jafib.2398. [published Online First: 20200630].","journal-title":"J Atr Fibrillation"},{"issue":"3","key":"4568_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-021-00780-y","volume":"31","author":"BD Nearing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nearing BD, Libbus I, Carlson GM, et al. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation is associated with multi-year improvement in intrinsic heart rate recovery and left ventricular ejection fraction in ANTHEM-HF. Clin Auton Res. 2021;31(3):453\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-021-00780-y. [published Online First: 20210216].","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4568_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq391","volume":"32","author":"GM De Ferrari","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Ferrari GM, Crijns HJ, Borggrefe M, et al. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation: a new and promising therapeutic approach for chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(7):847\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq391. [published Online First: 20101028].","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4568_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.11.008","volume":"6","author":"S Stavrakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stavrakis S, Stoner JA, Humphrey MB, et al. TREAT AF (Transcutaneous Electrical Vagus nerve stimulation to suppress Atrial Fibrillation): a Randomized Clinical Trial. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020;6(3):282\u201391. [published Online First: 20200129].","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4568_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.109.873968","volume":"2","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Popovic ZB, Bibevski S, et al. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation improves autonomic control and attenuates systemic inflammation and heart failure progression in a canine high-rate pacing model. Circ Heart Fail. 2009;2(6):692\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circheartfailure.109.873968. [published Online First: 20090922].","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"4568_CR30","unstructured":"Jiang Z. Research on the relationship between autonomic nervoussystem and atrial fibrillation (AF) and explore the diagnosis or treatment strategies of AF. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ 2015."},{"issue":"2","key":"4568_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9209-z","volume":"16","author":"HN Sabbah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sabbah HN, Ilsar I, Zaretsky A, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation in experimental heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2011;16(2):171\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10741-010-9209-z","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"4568_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.47.2.291","volume":"47","author":"KM Kent","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kent KM, Smith ER, Redwood DR, et al. Electrical stability of acutely ischemic myocardium. Influences of heart rate and vagal stimulation. Circulation. 1973;47(2):291\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.47.2.291","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"4568_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2014.082842","volume":"100","author":"J Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang J, Qian J, Yao W, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation reverses ventricular electrophysiological changes induced by hypersympathetic nerve activity. Exp Physiol. 2015;100(3):239\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2014.082842. [published Online First: 20141209].","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4568_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-8703(77)80172-5","volume":"93","author":"MS Yoon","year":"1977","unstructured":"Yoon MS, Han J, Tse WW, et al. Effects of vagal stimulation, atropine, and propranolol on fibrillation threshold of normal and ischemic ventricles. Am Heart J. 1977;93(1):60\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-8703(77)80172-5","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"4568_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.138461","volume":"583","author":"KE Brack","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brack KE, Patel VH, Coote JH, et al. Nitric oxide mediates the vagal protective effect on ventricular fibrillation via effects on action potential duration restitution in the rabbit heart. J Physiol. 2007;583(Pt 2):695\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.138461. [published Online First: 20070712].","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4568_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.12.001","volume":"73","author":"GA Ng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ng GA, Brack KE, Patel VH, et al. Autonomic modulation of electrical restitution, alternans and ventricular fibrillation initiation in the isolated heart. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73(4):750\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.12.001. [published Online First: 20061215].","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"4568_CR37","unstructured":"Zhenya Wang HJ. Nerual-rebalance and ventricular Arrhythmia Induced by myocardial ischemia. Advances in Cardiovascular diseases 2019((02):):268\u2009\u2013\u200972. 10.16806\/ j.cnki.issn.1004-3934.2019.02.032."},{"issue":"6","key":"4568_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-023-00997-z","volume":"33","author":"TW Dasari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dasari TW, Chakraborty P, Mukli P, et al. Noninvasive low-level tragus stimulation attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in acute heart failure. Clin Auton Res. 2023;33(6):767\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-023-00997-z. [published Online First: 20231109].","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4568_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102088","volume":"46","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li H, et al. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for migraine: an fMRI study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(2):145\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102088. [published Online First: 20201201].","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"4568_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi X, Hu Y, Zhang B, et al. Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation on abdominal pain and constipation. JCI Insight. 2021;6(14). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.150052. [published Online First: 20210722].","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150052"},{"issue":"6","key":"4568_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.09.003","volume":"15","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhang J, Guo C, et al. The efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a double blinded randomized clinical trial. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(6):1405\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2022.09.003. [published Online First: 20220921].","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"4568_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.27658\/d.cnki.gzzyy.2022.000056","author":"Y Jiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiao Y. Study on the clinical mechanism of transcutaneous electricalstimulation of auricular points to inhibit hyperarousal in treating insomnia disorder. China Acad Chin Med Sci. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27658\/d.cnki.gzzyy.2022.000056","journal-title":"China Acad Chin Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4568_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2013.02.005","volume":"19","author":"CA Samuel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Samuel CA, Ebenezer IS. Exploratory study on the efficacy of reflexology for pain threshold and tolerance using an ice-pain experiment and sham TENS control. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2013;19(2):57\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctcp.2013.02.005. [published Online First: 20130306].","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04568-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04568-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04568-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T10:04:01Z","timestamp":1722247441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04568-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04568-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was designed in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol and informed consent were approved by the institutional review board of Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences with the approval number of 2019-013-KY. The informed consents of this trial will be obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"288"}}