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Although the antimicrobial activities of <jats:italic>Cymbopogon<\/jats:italic> spp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> extracts have been extensively studied, comprehensive analyses are required to identify promising compounds for the treatment of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of <jats:italic>Cymbopogon spp.<\/jats:italic> ethanolic extracts in every single organ.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ethanolic extracts were obtained from three Indonesian commercial species of <jats:italic>Cymbopogon spp.<\/jats:italic>, namely <jats:italic>Cymbopogon citratus<\/jats:italic> (L.) Rendle<jats:italic>, <\/jats:italic><jats:italic>Cymbopogon nardus<\/jats:italic> (DC.) Spatf., and <jats:italic>Cymbopogon winterianus<\/jats:italic> Jowitt. The leaf, stem, and root extracts were evaluated via metabolite profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS). In silico and in vitro analyses were used to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the <jats:italic>Cymbopogon<\/jats:italic> spp. ethanolic extracts. In addition, bioactivity was measured using cytotoxicity assays. Antioxidant assays were performed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl\u00a0(DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid\u00a0(ABTS) to determine toxicity to Huh7it-1 cells using a tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of these extracts was evaluated against <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> using a well diffusion assay.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>GC\u2013MS analysis revealed 53 metabolites. Of these, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- phenol (27.87%), alpha-cadinol (26.76%), and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene (20.56%) were the predominant compounds. <jats:italic>C. winterianus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. nardus<\/jats:italic> leaves exhibited the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS, respectively. Contrastingly, the MTT assay showed low cytotoxicity. <jats:italic>C. nardus<\/jats:italic> leaf extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus,<\/jats:italic> whereas <jats:italic>C. winterianus<\/jats:italic> stem extract showed the highest activity against <jats:italic>B. substilis<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, computational pathway analysis predicted that antimicrobial activity mechanisms were related to antioxidant activity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that the leaves had strong antioxidant activity, whereas both the leaves and stems showed great antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, all <jats:italic>Cymbopogon<\/jats:italic> spp. ethanolic extracts showed low toxicity. These findings provide a foundation for future studies that assess the clinical safety of <jats:italic>Cymbopogon<\/jats:italic> spp. as novel drug candidates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04573-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T12:01:40Z","timestamp":1721304100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract in roots, stems, and leaves of three commercial Cymbopogon species"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dwi Kusuma","family":"Wahyuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viol Dhea","family":"Kharisma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Affan Ali","family":"Murtadlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cici Tya","family":"Rahmawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvi Jauharotus","family":"Syukriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehanat","family":"Prasongsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreeramanan","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjar Tri","family":"Wibowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hery","family":"Purnobasuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4573_CR1","first-page":"2023","volume-title":"Global research agenda for antimicrobial resistance in human health","author":"WHO. 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