{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:41:50Z","timestamp":1791841310651,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"E-Da hospital","award":["EDAHI112002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDAHI112002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004738","name":"E-Da Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EDAHI113001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDAHI113001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Esophageal achalasia, a primary disorder impacting the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), presents symptoms such as dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss. Traditional treatments, including calcium channel blockers and nitrates, offer limited relief, prompting exploration into alternative therapies. This study examines the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), focusing on <jats:italic>Coptis chinensis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C. chinensis<\/jats:italic>) and its principal component, berberine, for modulating LES relaxation, offering a new perspective on treatment possibilities.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This research evaluated the impact of <jats:italic>C. chinensis<\/jats:italic> extract and berberine on the relaxation of LES contraction pre-induced by carbachol, observing the effects across different concentrations. We employed a series of inhibitors, including tetrodotoxin, \u03c9-conotoxin GVIA, rolipram, vardenafil, KT5823, KT5720, NG-nitro-L-arginine, tetraethylammonium (TEA), apamine, iberiotoxin, and glibenclamide, to investigate the underlying mechanisms of berberine-induced LES relaxation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Both <jats:italic>C. chinensis<\/jats:italic> extract and berberine induced significant, concentration-dependent relaxation of the LES. The relaxation effect of berberine was significantly reduced by TEA, indicating the involvement of potassium channels in this process.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study demonstrates that <jats:italic>C. chinensis<\/jats:italic> and berberine significantly promote LES relaxation, primarily through potassium channel activation. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation of these compounds\u2019 potential therapeutic applications in esophageal motility disorders, such as achalasia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04720-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T12:10:53Z","timestamp":1734523853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the relaxation effects of Coptis chinensis and berberine on the lower esophageal sphincter: potential strategies for LES motility disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wen-Harn","family":"Koh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-I","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ching","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Chun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Shiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Chung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"4720_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000731","volume":"115","author":"MF Vaezi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaezi MF, Pandolfino JE, Yadlapati RH, Greer KB, Kavitt RT. ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of Achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(9):1393\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000731.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4720_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12750","volume":"28","author":"CP Gyawali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gyawali CP. Achalasia: new perspectives on an old disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;28(1):4\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12750.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"4720_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/doy071","author":"G Zaninotto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zaninotto G, Bennett C, Boeckxstaens G, Costantini M, Ferguson MK, Pandolfino JE, et al. The 2018 ISDE achalasia guidelines. Dis Esophagus. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/doy071.","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"1","key":"4720_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199807000-00006","volume":"27","author":"MF Vaezi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vaezi MF, Richter JE. Current therapies for achalasia: comparison and efficacy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1998;27(1):21\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004836-199807000-00006.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4720_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155909","volume":"133","author":"G Meng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meng G, Li P, Du X, Feng X, Qiu F. Berberine alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation through targeting IRGM1. Phytomedicine. 2024;133:155909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155909.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"4720_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-019-0724-6","volume":"14","author":"D Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song D, Hao J, Fan D. Biological properties and clinical applications of berberine. Front Med. 2020;14(5):564\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11684-019-0724-6.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"4720_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/104771","author":"L Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu L, Li J, He Y. Multifunctional epiberberine mediates multi-therapeutic effects. Fitoterapia. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/104771.","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"issue":"3","key":"4720_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.04.007","volume":"135","author":"Y Tjong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tjong Y, Ip S, Lao L, Fong HH, Sung JJ, Berman B, Che C. Analgesic effect of Coptis chinensis rhizomes (Coptidis Rhizoma) extract on rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;135(3):754\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2011.04.007.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4720_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu Z, Zhang M, Dou D, Tao X, Kang T. Berberine Depresses Contraction of Smooth Muscle via inhibiting myosin light-chain kinase. Pharmacogn Mag 2017 Jul-Sep;13(51):454\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/pm.pm_205_16","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_205_16"},{"key":"4720_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2018.05.001","volume":"136","author":"CC Tsai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsai CC, Tey SL, Chang LC, Su YT, Lin KJ, Huang SC. Estradiol mediates relaxation of porcine lower esophageal sphincter. Steroids. 2018;136:56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.steroids.2018.05.001.","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"11","key":"4720_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5831","volume":"94","author":"R Farr\u00e9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Farr\u00e9 R, Aul\u00ed M, Lecea B, Estrada O, Su\u00f1ol X, Clav\u00e9 P. Mechanisms controlling function in the clasp and sling regions of porcine lower oesophageal sphincter. Br J Surg. 2007;94(11):1427\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.5831.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4720_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.03.002","volume":"91","author":"KL Weatherall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weatherall KL, Goodchild SJ, Jane DE, Marrion NV. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels: from structure to function. Prog Neurobiol. 2010;91(3):242\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.03.002.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"4720_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/115065","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang T, Zhang C, Li H, Zhou R, Ye X, Yang Y, et al. The underlying rationality of Chinese medicine herb pair Coptis chinensis and Dolomiaea souliei: from the perspective of metabolomics and intestinal function. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/115065.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4720_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X23500702","volume":"51","author":"YX Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang YX, Zhang JY, Cao YM, Liu T, Zhang ZK, Zhang BX, Feng WS, Li K, Zheng XK, Zhou N. Coptis chinensis-induced changes in metabolomics and gut microbiota in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2023;51(6):1547\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0192415X23500702.","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"4720_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.153927","volume":"97","author":"Q Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie Q, Li H, Ma R, Ren M, Li Y, Li J, Chen H, Chen Z, Gong D, Wang J. Effect of Coptis chinensis franch and Magnolia officinalis on intestinal flora and intestinal barrier in a TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis rats model. Phytomedicine. 2022;97:153927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.153927.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"4720_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.032","volume":"243","author":"A Pirillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pirillo A, Catapano AL. Berberine, a plant alkaloid with lipid- and glucose-lowering properties: from in vitro evidence to clinical studies. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(2):449\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.032.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4720_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-010-0188-7","volume":"16","author":"M Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu M, Wang J, Liu LT. Advance of studies on anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of berberine. Chin J Integr Med. 2010;16(2):188\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11655-010-0188-7.","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"4720_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2999(00)00339-3","volume":"399","author":"WH Ko","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ko WH, Yao XQ, Lau CW, Law WI, Chen ZY, Kwok W, Ho K, Huang Y. Vasorelaxant and antiproliferative effects of berberine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000;399(2\u20133):187\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0014-2999(00)00339-3.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4720_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187718","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1187718","volume":"10","author":"F Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang F, Gao R, Luo X, Liu R, Xiong D. Berberine influences multiple diseases by modifying gut microbiota. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1187718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1187718.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"4720_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867330666230207112539","volume":"31","author":"A Gasmi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gasmi A, Asghar F, Zafar S, Oliinyk P, Khavrona O, Lysiuk R, et al. Berberine: pharmacological features in health, disease and aging. Curr Med Chem. 2024;31(10):1214\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867330666230207112539.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"4720_CR21","first-page":"333","volume":"90","author":"WC Lin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lin WC, Chang HL. Relaxant effects of berberine on the rat fundus. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1995;90(3):333\u201346.","journal-title":"Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"4720_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596686","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.596686","volume":"12","author":"Y Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Yan W, Zhou T, Wang Z, Liao L, Cao H, Tan B. Therapeutic effects of Berberine Hydrochloride on stress-Induced Diarrhea-Predominant irritable bowel syndrome rats by inhibiting neurotransmission in Colonic smooth muscle. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:596686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.596686.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4720_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90519-2","volume":"96","author":"EY Eaker","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eaker EY, Sninsky CA. Effect of berberine on myoelectric activity and transit of the small intestine in rats. Gastroenterology. 1989;96:1506\u201313.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4720_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000048859","volume":"64","author":"JW Cao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cao JW, Luo HS, Yu BP, Huang XD, Sheng ZX, Yu JP. Effects of berberine on intracellular free calcium in smooth muscle cells of Guinea pig colon. Digestion. 2001;64:179\u201383.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"4720_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820961299","author":"M Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu M, Jin X, Liang C, Bu F, Pan D, He Q, et al. Berberine for diarrhea in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756284820961299.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4720_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094707","volume":"68","author":"KS Murthy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murthy KS. Signaling for contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of the gut. Annu Rev Physiol. 2006;68:345\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094707.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4720_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12456","volume":"11","author":"ASF Ribeiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ribeiro ASF, Fernandes VS, Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1enz A, Mart\u00ednez P, Barahona MV, Orensanz LM, et al. Powerful relaxation of phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor rolipram in the pig and human bladder neck. J Sex Med. 2014;11(4):930\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12456.","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"4720_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i28.4710","volume":"27","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Z, Tao L, Zhang SS, Sun XH, Chen SN, Wu J. Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized double-simulation controlled trial. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27:4710\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v27.i28.4710.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4720_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tey SL, Li CY, Lin LW, Chang LC, Chen YL, Chang FR, Yang SN, Tsai CC. Arecae pericarpium extract induces porcine lower-esophageal-sphincter contraction via muscarinic receptors. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021;21:275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-021-03442-8. PMID: 34736444.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03442-8"},{"key":"4720_CR30","first-page":"366","volume":"93","author":"S Lohsiriwat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lohsiriwat S, Rukkiat M, Chaikomin R, Leelakusolvong S. Effect of ginger on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. J Med Assoc Thail. 2010;93:366\u201372.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thail"},{"key":"4720_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132077","volume":"378","author":"N Promdam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Promdam N, Khuituan P, Panichayupakaranant P. Effects of standardized [6]-gingerol extracts and [6]-gingerol on isolated ileum and lower esophageal sphincter contractions in mice. Food Chem. 2022;378:132077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132077.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"4720_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/8854945","author":"JA Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee JA, Shin MR, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Park HJ, Roh SS. Protective effects of inflammation of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma 30% EtOH extract on Acute Reflux Esophagitis rats. BioMed Res Int. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/8854945.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"4720_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612829666230328163449","volume":"29","author":"E Scarpellini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scarpellini E, Broeders B, Schol J, Santori P, Addarii M, Boccuto L, Carbone F, Abenavoli L, Tack J. The Use of Peppermint Oil in Gastroenterology. Curr Pharm Des. 2023;29:576\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612829666230328163449.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"2","key":"4720_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527320666210119095626","volume":"21","author":"F Maqoud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maqoud F, Scala R, Hoxha M, Zappacosta B, Tricarico D. ATP-sensitive Potassium Channel subunits in Neuroinflammation: Novel Drug targets in neurodegenerative disorders. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2022;21(2):130\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527320666210119095626.","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"4720_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174278","volume":"906","author":"MM Naffaa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naffaa MM, Al-Ewaidat OA. Ligand modulation of KCNQ-encoded (KV7) potassium channels in the heart and nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;906:174278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174278.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4720_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.01.017","volume":"726","author":"M Grunnet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grunnet M, Str\u00f8b\u00e6k D, Hougaard C, Christophersen P. Kv7 channels as targets for anti-epileptic and psychiatric drug-development. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014;726:133\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.01.017.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4720_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-006-0010-y","volume":"9","author":"R Tutuian","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tutuian R, Castell DO. Esophageal motility disorders (distal esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus, and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter): modern management. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2006;9(4):283\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11938-006-0010-y.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04720-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04720-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04720-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T13:02:57Z","timestamp":1734526977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04720-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04720-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was exempted from the review of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of E-DA Hospital because the study didn\u2019t involve live animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"417"}}