{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T10:46:52Z","timestamp":1769856412282,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 81804157, 82104659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 81804157, 82104659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Provincial Cadres Health Committee","award":["No. 2023-503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023-503"]}]},{"name":"the Chengdu Modern Hospital Management Research Institute","award":["No. YJS20223006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. YJS20223006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04732-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T11:22:35Z","timestamp":1735903355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of standardized tai chi in prefrail older adults with immunosenescence: design and protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiyue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4732_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101498","volume":"72","author":"N Veronese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veronese N, Custodero C, Cella A, et al. Prevalence of multidimensional frailty and pre-frailty in older people in different settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;72:101498.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"9868","key":"4732_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","volume":"381","author":"A Clegg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet. 2013;381(9868):752\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"4732_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1665-8","volume":"25","author":"M Izquierdo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Izquierdo M, Merchant RA, Morley JE, et al. International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25(7):824\u201353.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"4732_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.12.005","volume":"17","author":"AM Afzali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Afzali AM, Muntefering T, Wiendl H, Meuth SG, Ruck T. Skeletal muscle cells actively shape (auto)immune responses. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(5):518\u201329.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"4732_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.10.034","volume":"49","author":"C Nelke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nelke C, Dziewas R, Minnerup J, Meuth SG, Ruck T. Skeletal muscle as potential central link between sarcopenia and immune senescence. Ebiomedicine. 2019;49:381\u20138.","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"4732_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2017.05.005","volume":"34","author":"J Giudice","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giudice J, Taylor JM. Muscle as a paracrine and endocrine organ. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2017;34:49\u201355.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4732_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.03.006","volume":"27","author":"J Saini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saini J, McPhee JS, Al-Dabbagh S, Stewart CE, Al-Shanti N. Regenerative function of immune system: Modulation of muscle stem cells. Ageing Res Rev. 2016;27:67\u201376.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"4732_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00569","volume":"9","author":"DM Camera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Camera DM. Anabolic Heterogeneity Following Resistance Training: A Role for Circadian Rhythm? Front Physiol. 2018;9:569.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4732_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2014.08.041","volume":"331","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Yin H, Nam D, Li Y, Ma K. Brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through satellite cell expansion. Exp Cell Res. 2015;331(1):200\u201310.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"4732_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2011.09.004","volume":"9","author":"KF Schulz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Int J Surg. 2011;9(8):672\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"4732_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0075-8","volume":"15","author":"FJ Garcia-Garcia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garcia-Garcia FJ, Gutierrez AG, Alfaro-Acha A, et al. The prevalence of frailty syndrome in an older population from Spain. The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(10):852\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"4732_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000382065","volume":"83","author":"LE Aguirre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aguirre LE, Villareal DT. Physical Exercise as Therapy for Frailty. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2015;83:83\u201392.","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser"},{"issue":"8","key":"4732_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081630","volume":"10","author":"K Talar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talar K, Hernandez-Belmonte A, Vetrovsky T, Steffl M, Kalamacka E, Courel-Ibanez J. Benefits of Resistance Training in Early and Late Stages of Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies. J Clin Med. 2021;10(8):1630.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4732_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afac086","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac086","volume":"51","author":"SY Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee SY, Nyunt M, Gao Q, et al. Association of Tai Chi exercise with physical and neurocognitive functions, frailty, quality of life and mortality in older adults: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study. Age Ageing. 2022;51(4):afac086.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"7","key":"4732_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53375.x","volume":"53","author":"RW Sattin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sattin RW, Easley KA, Wolf SL, Chen Y, Kutner MH. Reduction in fear of falling through intense tai chi exercise training in older, transitionally frail adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(7):1168\u201378.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"4732_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.081013-LIT-248","volume":"24","author":"R Jahnke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jahnke R, Larkey L, Rogers C, Etnier J, Lin F. A comprehensive review of health benefits of qigong and tai chi. Am J Health Promot. 2010;24(6):e1\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04732-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04732-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04732-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T12:02:45Z","timestamp":1735905765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04732-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04732-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1"}}