{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:18:38Z","timestamp":1793215118184,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This project was supported by the Youth Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["(82204851)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(82204851)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH) is a significant public-health concern. Scientific research has demonstrated that acupuncture can improve the clinical symptoms of FETTH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of auricular acupuncture and sham acupuncture in treating FETTH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a randomized controlled trial. Participants with FETTH were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive auricular acupuncture or sham acupuncture for 4 weeks, with follow-up lasting for up to 24 weeks. The primary outcomes were measured using the headache index and visual analog scale (VAS) score. Secondary outcomes included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score, blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) (V<jats:sub>ACA<\/jats:sub>, V<jats:sub>MCA<\/jats:sub>, and V<jats:sub>PCA<\/jats:sub>, respectively), and the usage of acute headache medications. Adverse events were also recorded to assess safety.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Compared with the sham acupuncture group, the auricular acupuncture group showed significant improvements in VAS score (2 (1.25, 2) vs. 3 (2, 3.5) at 24\u00a0h, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; 2 (1.25, 2) vs. 2 (2, 3) at the 2nd week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004; 2 (1, 2) vs. 2 (1.5, 3) at the 4th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015), headache index (4 (2, 7) vs. 7 (4, 9) at the 4th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016), HAMA score (11.69\u2009\u00b1\u20092.70) vs. (14.24\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20) at the 4th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; (9.83\u2009\u00b1\u20092.71) vs. (11.95\u2009\u00b1\u20092.59) at the 8th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; (9.67\u2009\u00b1\u20092.65) vs. (11.76\u2009\u00b1\u20093.00) at the 24th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), HAMD score ((14.25\u2009\u00b1\u20092.68) vs. (15.89\u2009\u00b1\u20093.48) at the 4th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027,) V<jats:sub>ACA<\/jats:sub> (85.5 (85, 86) vs. 83 (83, 84) at the 4th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), V<jats:sub>PCA<\/jats:sub> (82 (81, 83) vs. 78 (77, 79) at the 4th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and usage of acute headache medications (8 (7, 10) vs. 9 (8, 11) at the 4th week, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.000).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study found that auricular acupuncture effectively improved the clinical symptoms of FETTH and had relatively fewer side effects. Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered in the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry (ITMCTR2025000363) on January 20, 2025.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-05063-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T06:30:26Z","timestamp":1755757826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The clinical efficacy of auricular acupuncture in the treatment of frequent episodic tension-type headache: a single-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xiaxia","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5063_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00574.x","volume":"23","author":"R Jensen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jensen R. Peripheral and central mechanisms in tension-type headache: an update. Cephalalgia. 2003;23(Suppl 1):49\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00574.x.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"2","key":"5063_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13067","volume":"58","author":"RH Jensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jensen RH. Tension-Type headache - The normal and most prevalent headache. Headache. 2018;58(2):339\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13067.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"5063_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2","volume":"23","author":"LJ Stovner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Linde M, et al. The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates. J Headache Pain. 2022;23(1):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"5063_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0854-2","volume":"19","author":"K Hagen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hagen K, \u00c5sberg AN, Uhlig BL, et al. The epidemiology of headache disorders: a face-to-face interview of participants in HUNT4. J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-018-0854-2.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"5063_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102413485658.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658"},{"issue":"1","key":"5063_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2006.09.005","volume":"51","author":"SB Graff-Radford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Graff-Radford SB. Temporomandibular disorders and headache. Dent Clin North Am. 2007;51(1):129\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cden.2006.09.005. vi-vii.","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"5063_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-3778-5","volume":"20","author":"AC Lyngberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lyngberg AC, Rasmussen BK, J\u00f8rgensen T, et al. Secular changes in health care utilization and work absence for migraine and tension-type headache: a population based study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20(12):1007\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-005-3778-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5063_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang J, Shen M, Qin X, et al. Acupuncture for the treatment of tension-type headache: an overview of systematic reviews. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020(4262910). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/4262910.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4262910"},{"issue":"48","key":"5063_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31826","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000031826","volume":"101","author":"F Lou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lou F, Lou Q, Li J, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ear acupuncture for tension-type headache: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med (Baltim). 2022;101(48):e31826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000031826.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5063_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102088","volume":"46","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li H, et al. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for migraine: an fMRI study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(2):145\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102088.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"5063_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00734-w","author":"B Gjikolaj","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gjikolaj B, Stampanoni Bassi M, Bruno A, et al. Effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on the intensity of Post-dural puncture headache: results of two randomized Sham controlled trials. Neurol Ther. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-025-00734-w.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"5063_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102417738202.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"issue":"3","key":"5063_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024111430856","volume":"32","author":"B Aicher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aicher B, Peil H, Peil B, et al. Pain measurement: visual analogue scale (VAS) and verbal rating scale (VRS) in clinical trials with OTC analgesics in headache. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(3):185\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024111430856.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"5063_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0965-4","volume":"20","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Lee JH, Cho EY, et al. Efficacy of psychological treatment for headache disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Headache Pain. 2019;20(1):17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-019-0965-4.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"5063_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22034","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48864-1","volume":"13","author":"X Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin X, Du HG, Kong N, et al. Clinical efficacy of the Mulligan maneuver for cervicogenic headache: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):22034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-48864-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5063_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.S144183","volume":"11","author":"S Karacay Ozkalayci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karacay Ozkalayci S, Nazliel B, Batur Caglayan HZ, et al. Cerebral blood flow velocity in migraine and chronic tension-type headache patients. J Pain Res. 2018;11:661\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jpr.S144183.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5063_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14098","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18359-6","volume":"12","author":"EM Khedr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khedr EM, Abbas MA, Gamea A, et al. Cerebrovascular function in tension-type headache and migraine with or without aura: transcranial doppler study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):14098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18359-6.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5063_CR18","unstructured":"Head Wind Syndrome. Diagnostic and efficacy evaluation criteria. J Shandong Univ Tradit Chin Med. 1993(05):69."},{"key":"5063_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baglioni V, Orecchio S, Esposito D, et al. Tension-type headache in children and adolescents. Life (Basel). 2023;13(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13030825.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030825"},{"issue":"11","key":"5063_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03070.x","volume":"17","author":"L Bendtsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bendtsen L, Evers S, Linde M, et al. EFNS guideline on the treatment of tension-type headache - report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(11):1318\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03070.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5063_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006x.76.3.379","volume":"76","author":"Y Nestoriuc","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nestoriuc Y, Rief W, Martin A. Meta-analysis of biofeedback for tension-type headache: efficacy, specificity, and treatment moderators. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(3):379\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006x.76.3.379.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5063_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12626","volume":"55","author":"S Christiansen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christiansen S, J\u00fcrgens TP, Klinger R. Outpatient combined group and individual Cognitive-Behavioral treatment for patients with migraine and Tension-Type headache in a routine clinical setting. Headache. 2015;55(8):1072\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12626.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"5063_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2017.12.005","volume":"36","author":"C Cumplido-Trasmonte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cumplido-Trasmonte C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez P, Alguacil-Diego IM, et al. Manual therapy in adults with tension-type headache: a systematic review. Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2021;36(7):537\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nrleng.2017.12.005.","journal-title":"Neurologia (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5063_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2017.03.007","volume":"13","author":"A Nielsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nielsen A. Acupuncture for the prevention of tension-type headache (2016). Explore (NY). 2017;13(3):228\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.explore.2017.03.007.","journal-title":"Explore (NY)."},{"key":"5063_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-14-85","volume":"14","author":"W He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He W, Jing XH, Zhu B, et al. The auriculo-vagal afferent pathway and its role in seizure suppression in rats. BMC Neurosci. 2013;14:85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-14-85.","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"5063_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ZHU Hao-H RONG, Pei-J CHEN, Yu, et al. Possible mechanisms of auricular acupoint stimulation in the treatment of migraine by activating auricular vagus nerve. Acupunct Res. 2024;49(04):403\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13702\/j.1000-0607.20221262.","DOI":"10.13702\/j.1000-0607.20221262"},{"issue":"1","key":"5063_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1089","volume":"15","author":"ET Peuker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peuker ET, Filler TJ. The nerve supply of the human auricle. Clin Anat. 2002;15(1):35\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.1089.","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"5063_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.07.013","volume":"10","author":"T Usichenko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Usichenko T, Hacker H, Lotze M. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) might be a mechanism behind the analgesic effects of auricular acupuncture. Brain Stimul. 2017;10(6):1042\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2017.07.013.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"296","key":"5063_CR29","first-page":"61","volume":"46","author":"Nogier","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nogier. Bourdiol, [Auriculotherapy]orcelle. [Auriculotherapy]. Chir Dent Fr. 1976;46(296):61\u20133.","journal-title":"Chir Dent Fr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5063_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0525-4","volume":"32","author":"G Allais","year":"2011","unstructured":"Allais G, Romoli M, Rolando S, et al. Ear acupuncture in the treatment of migraine attacks: a randomized trial on the efficacy of appropriate versus inappropriate acupoints. Neurol Sci. 2011;32(Suppl 1):S173\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-011-0525-4.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5063_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13122","volume":"236","author":"MF Butt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butt MF, Albusoda A, Farmer AD, et al. The anatomical basis for transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation. J Anat. 2020;236(4):588\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.13122.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"5063_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.11.016","volume":"79","author":"FR Carreno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carreno FR, Frazer A. The allure of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a novel therapeutic modality. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(4):260\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.11.016.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"5063_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-014-0231-4","volume":"89","author":"J Kiyokawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kiyokawa J, Yamaguchi K, Okada R, et al. Origin, course and distribution of the nerves to the posterosuperior wall of the external acoustic meatus. Anat Sci Int. 2014;89(4):238\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12565-014-0231-4.","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"5063_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh416","volume":"128","author":"SK Afridi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Afridi SK, Matharu MS, Lee L, et al. A PET study exploring the laterality of brainstem activation in migraine using Glyceryl trinitrate. Brain. 2005;128(Pt 4):932\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh416.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"5063_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/spc.0000000000000055","volume":"8","author":"MH Ossipov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ossipov MH, Morimura K, Porreca F. Descending pain modulation and chronification of pain. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2014;8(2):143\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/spc.0000000000000055.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"5063_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00040.2019","volume":"101","author":"R Kuner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuner R, Kuner T. Cellular circuits in the brain and their modulation in acute and chronic pain. Physiol Rev. 2021;101(1):213\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00040.2019.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"8148","key":"5063_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(79)92692-8","volume":"2","author":"MA Moskowitz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Moskowitz MA, Reinhard JF Jr., Romero J, et al. Neurotransmitters and the fifth cranial nerve: is there a relation to the headache phase of migraine? Lancet. 1979;2(8148):883\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(79)92692-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"21","key":"5063_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5083","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200521.502","volume":"45","author":"J Min","year":"2020","unstructured":"Min J, Yun-Ling Z, Yan LU, et al. [Systematic review and Meta-analysis on randomized controlled trial of efficacy and safety for acupuncture versus Flunarizine in treatment of migraine]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020;45(21):5083\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200521.502.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05063-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05063-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05063-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T06:30:29Z","timestamp":1755757829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05063-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05063-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This project has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine (Ethics Approval No. SZFYIEC-PJ-2023 No [27]). The study was planned in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Research participants were informed of the study objectives and methods, the confidentiality of their information, potential side effects of the research, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time. All participants provided written informed consent prior to their participation in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"311"}}