{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T19:29:38Z","timestamp":1792956578010,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1402-4-211-6 9736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1402-4-211-6 9736"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-05081-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T09:58:35Z","timestamp":1759917515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antimalarial potential of Matricaria chamomilla-derived MgO nanoparticles against Plasmodium falciparum strains: an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Farzaneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haleh","family":"Hanifian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Nateghpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Hasanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Raeisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Farivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aram","family":"Khezri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Ahmad","family":"Dehdast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Shahsavari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5081_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7060179","volume":"7","author":"J Talapko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Talapko J, \u0160krlec I, Alebi\u0107 T, Juki\u0107 M, V\u010dev A. Malaria: the past and the present. Microorganisms. 2019;7(6):179.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"6","key":"5081_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.11.010","volume":"35","author":"AG Maier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maier AG, Matuschewski K, Zhang M, Rug M. Plasmodium falciparum. Trends Parasitol. 2019;35(6):481\u20132.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150456","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2150456","volume":"14","author":"IS Walker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Walker IS, Rogerson SJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of malaria: sticky problems and tricky solutions. Virulence. 2023;14(1):2150456.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"5081_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World malaria report 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"5081_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.04.005","volume":"34","author":"S Duffy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duffy S, Avery VM. Routine in vitro culture of plasmodium falciparum: experimental consequences? Trends Parasitol. 2018;34(7):564\u201375.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2009.09.005","volume":"169","author":"RJ Allen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allen RJ, Kirk K. Plasmodium falciparum culture: the benefits of shaking. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2010;169(1):63\u20135.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5081_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2016.1154037","volume":"11","author":"BK Verlinden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verlinden BK, Louw A, Birkholtz LM. Resisting resistance: is there a solution for malaria? Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2016;11(4):395\u2013406.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"5081_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1039\/b008980j","volume":"19","author":"S Schwikkard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schwikkard S, van Heerden FR. Antimalarial activity of plant metabolites. Nat Prod Rep. 2002;19(6):675\u201392.","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5081_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071315","volume":"24","author":"E Piri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Piri E, Sourestani MM, Khaleghi E, et al. Chemo-diversity and antiradical potential of twelve matricaria Chamomilla L. populations from iran: proof of ecological effects. Molecules. 2019;24(7):1315.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5081_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.10.012","volume":"44","author":"MHH Roby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roby MHH, Sarhan MA, Selim KA, Khalel KI. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L). Ind Crops Prod. 2013;44:437\u201345.","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0458","volume":"83","author":"ST Elazab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elazab ST, Soliman AF, Nishikawa Y. Effect of some plant extracts from Egyptian herbal plants against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro. J Vet Med Sci. 2021;83(1):100\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5081_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2017-0036","volume":"62","author":"S Hajaji","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hajaji S, Sifaoui I, L\u00f3pez-Arencibia A, et al. Amoebicidal activity of \u03b1-bisabolol, the main sesquiterpene in chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) essential oil against the trophozoite stage of acanthamoeba castellani Neff. Acta Parasitol. 2017;62(2):290\u20135.","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5081_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X17000396","volume":"92","author":"S Hajaji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hajaji S, Alimi D, Jabri MA, et al. Anthelmintic activity of Tunisian chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) against Haemonchus contortus. J Helminthol. 2018;92(2):168\u201377.","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5081_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5975-7","volume":"117","author":"S Hajaji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hajaji S, Sifaoui I, L\u00f3pez-Arencibia A, et al. Leishmanicidal activity of \u03b1-bisabolol from Tunisian chamomile essential oil. Parasitol Res. 2018;117(9):2855\u201367.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"5081_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2012.02.005","volume":"19","author":"MC Romero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Romero MC, Valero A, Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez J, Navarro-Moll MC. Activity of matricaria chamomilla essential oil against anisakiasis. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(6):520\u20133.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"5081_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238532","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238532","volume":"15","author":"E Avitabile","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avitabile E, Senes N, D\u2019Avino C, et al. The potential antimalarial efficacy of hemocompatible silver nanoparticles from Artemisia species against P. falciparum parasite. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0238532.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1622552","volume":"47","author":"SO Ogunyemi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ogunyemi SO, Zhang F, Abdallah Y, et al. Biosynthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide and manganese dioxide nanoparticles using matricaria chamomilla L. extract and its inhibitory effect on acidovorax oryzae strain RS-2. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019;47(1):2230\u20139.","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"5081_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev","author":"AA Abdellatif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdellatif AA, Mohammed HA, Abdulla MH, Alsubaiyel AM, Mahmood A, Samman WA, et al. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles using the plant-based reducing agent Matricaria Chamomilla induce cell death in colorectal cancer cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-023-00828-z","volume":"24","author":"S Asefian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Asefian S, Ghavam M. Green and environmentally friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial properties from some medicinal plants. BMC Biotechnol. 2024;24(1):5.","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"5081_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.07.053","volume":"92","author":"M Dadashpour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dadashpour M, Firouzi-Amandi A, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Maleki MJ, Soozangar N, Jeddi F, et al. Biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Matricaria Chamomilla extract and their potential anticancer activity against human lung cancer cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2018;92:902\u201312.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"5081_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi S, Shandiz SA, Ghanbar F, Darvish MR, Ardestani MS, Mirzaie A et al. Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Artemisia Marschalliana sprengel aerial part extract and assessment of their antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. Int J Nanomed. 2016 ;11:1835\u201346.","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S99882"},{"key":"5081_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10121604","author":"AA Alshehri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alshehri AA, Malik MA. Phytomediated photo-induced green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Matricaria Chamomilla L. and its catalytic activity against Rhodamine B. Biomolecules. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10121604.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"5081_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136521","volume":"713","author":"SK Verma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verma SK, Nisha K, Panda PK, Patel P, Kumari P, Mallick MA, et al. Green synthesized MgO nanoparticles infer biocompatibility by reducing in vivo molecular nanotoxicity in embryonic zebrafish through arginine interaction elicited apoptosis. Sci Total Environ. 2020;713: 136521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136521.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"5081_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00370-6","volume":"74","author":"P Sharma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sharma P, Sharma JD. In vitro hemolysis of human erythrocytes by plant extracts with antiplasmodial activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;74(3):239\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00370-6.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"5081_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gul A, Fozia, Shaheen A, Ahmad I, Khattak B, Ahmad M, et al. Green synthesis, characterization, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial potential, and cytotoxic activity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Ricinus communis leaf and root extracts. Biomolecules. 2021;11(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11020206.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020206"},{"key":"5081_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-012-6_9","volume":"716","author":"PW Sylvester","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sylvester PW. Optimization of the tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay for cellular growth and viability. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;716:157\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-61779-012-6_9.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5081_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.2307\/3279900","volume":"63","author":"JB Jensen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jensen JB, Trager W. Plasmodium falciparum in culture: use of outdated erythrocytes and description of the candle jar method. J Parasitol. 1977;63(5):883\u20136.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"5081_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813586-0.00006-7","volume":"26","author":"M Nasrollahzadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nasrollahzadeh M, Atarod M, Sajjadi M, Sajadi SM, Issaabadi Z. Plant-mediated green synthesis of nanostructures: mechanisms, characterization, and applications. Interface Sci Technol. 2019;26:199\u2013322.","journal-title":"Interface Sci Technol"},{"key":"5081_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.37358\/RC.17.12.5979","volume":"68","author":"MD Berechet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berechet MD, Manaila E, Stelescu MD, Craciun G. The composition of essential oils obtained from Achillea millefolium and matricaria chamomilla L., originary from Romania. Rev Chim. 2017;68:2787\u201395.","journal-title":"Rev Chim"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR30","volume":"2","author":"P Tamilselvi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamilselvi P, Yelilarasi A, Hema M, Anbarasan R. Synthesis of hierarchical structured MgO by sol-gel method. Nano Bull. 2013;2(1): 130106.","journal-title":"Nano Bull"},{"key":"5081_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2022.109670","volume":"132","author":"H Torkashvand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Torkashvand H, Dehdast SA, Nateghpour M, Haghi AM, Fard GC, Elmi T, et al. Antimalarial nano-drug delivery system based on graphene quantum dot on Plasmodium falciparum: preparation, characterization, toxicological evaluation. Diamond Relat Mater. 2023;132: 109670.","journal-title":"Diamond Relat Mater"},{"key":"5081_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2023.100832","volume":"5","author":"RV Bordiwala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bordiwala RV. Green synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles - a review article. Results Chem. 2023;5: 100832.","journal-title":"Results Chem"},{"key":"5081_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999300","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.999300","volume":"13","author":"JB Chaves","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaves JB, Portugal Tavares de Moraes B, Regina Ferrarini S, No\u00e9 da Fonseca F, Silva AR, Gon\u00e7alves-de-Albuquerque CF. Potential of nanoformulations in malaria treatment. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:999300.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s41120-024-00100-4","volume":"10","author":"S Sinha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sinha S, Sehgal R, Medhi B. Metallic nanoparticles in malaria treatment: advances in therapeutics, diagnostics, and future prospects. AAPS Open. 2024;10(1):13.","journal-title":"AAPS Open"},{"key":"5081_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1143614","volume":"11","author":"RB Rotti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rotti RB, Sunitha DV, Manjunath R, Roy A, Mayegowda SB, Gnanaprakash AP, Alghamdi S, Almehmadi M, Abdulaziz O, Allahyani M, Aljuaid A. Green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles and its antibacterial properties. Front Chem. 2023;11: 1143614.","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s40097-021-00407-8","volume":"12","author":"S Shah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah S, Shah SA, Faisal S, Khan A, Ullah R, Ali N, Bilal M. Engineering novel gold nanoparticles using sageretia thea leaf extract and evaluation of their biological activities. J Nanostruct Chem. 2022;12(1):129\u201340.","journal-title":"J Nanostruct Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2974-9","volume":"18","author":"LP Kojom Foko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kojom Foko LP, Eya\u2019ane Meva F, Eboumbou Moukoko CE, Ntoumba AA, Ngaha Njila MI, Belle Ebanda Kedi P, et al. A systematic review on anti-malarial drug discovery and antiplasmodial potential of green synthesis mediated metal nanoparticles: overview, challenges and future perspectives. Malar J. 2019;18(1):337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-019-2974-9.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5081_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5620989","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5620989","volume":"2019","author":"Y Abdallah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdallah Y, Ogunyemi SO, Abdelazez A, Zhang M, Hong X, Ibrahim E, et al. The green synthesis of MgO Nano-Flowers using Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) and the antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:5620989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/5620989.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"5081_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0237567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237567","volume":"15","author":"M Amina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amina M, Al Musayeib NM, Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF, Oraby HF, Al Hamoud GA, et al. Biogenic green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using saussurea costus biomasses for a comprehensive detection of their antimicrobial, cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and photocatalysis potentials. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237567.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"5081_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.380563","volume":"13","author":"RH Alrashoudi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alrashoudi RH, Abudawood M, Mateen A, Tabassum H, Alghumlas NI, Fatima S, et al. Characterization and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activities of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles with shoot extracts of Plicosepalus curviflorus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2023;13(7):315\u201324.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"5081_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plana.2024.100069","volume":"8","author":"PV Patil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patil PV, Nerlekar NA, Kuldeep AR, Patil PP, Dandge PB, Dongale TD, et al. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) roxb. extract-mediated green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles for multifunctional applications. Plant Nano Biology. 2024;8: 100069.","journal-title":"Plant Nano Biology"},{"key":"5081_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-015-0455-1","volume":"6","author":"N John Sushma","year":"2016","unstructured":"John Sushma N, Prathyusha D, Swathi G, Madhavi T, Deva Prasad Raju B, Mallikarjuna K, et al. Facile approach to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles by using Clitoria ternatea\u2014characterization and in vitro antioxidant studies. Appl Nanosci. 2016;6:437\u201344.","journal-title":"Appl Nanosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5081_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2017.0120","volume":"12","author":"H Barabadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barabadi H, Alizadeh A, Ovais M, Ahmadi A, Shinwari ZK, Saravanan M. Efficacy of green nanoparticles against cancerous and normal cell lines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2018;12(4):377\u201391.","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"5081_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124799","author":"K \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk K, Kaplan M, \u00c7al\u0131\u015f S. Effects of nanoparticle size, shape, and zeta potential on drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124799.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"5081_CR45","first-page":"385","volume":"9","author":"S Iravani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaghari B. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci. 2014;9(6):385\u2013406.","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5081_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.02.006","volume":"34","author":"P Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh P, Kim YJ, Zhang D, Yang DC. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms. Trends Biotechnol. 2016;34(7):588\u201399.","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"5081_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2022.100296","volume":"11","author":"A Rahman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahman A, Chowdhury MA, Hossain N. Green synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles for biomedical applications: a review. Applied Surface Science Advances. 2022;11: 100296.","journal-title":"Applied Surface Science Advances"},{"key":"5081_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5661","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.S244834","volume":"15","author":"KZ Khor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khor KZ, Joseph J, Shamsuddin F, Lim V, Moses EJ, Abdul Samad N. The cytotoxic effects of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract and silver nanoparticles on human Kasumi-1 cells. Int J Nanomed. 2020;15:5661\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.S244834.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"5081_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111294","volume":"137","author":"MA Awad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Awad MA, Al Olayan EM, Siddiqui MI, Merghani NM, Alsaif SSA, Aloufi AS. Antileishmanial effect of silver nanoparticles: green synthesis, characterization, in vivo and in vitro assessment. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;137: 111294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111294.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"5081_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2021.102264","volume":"27","author":"Z Hashemi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hashemi Z, Mohammadyan M, Naderi S, Fakhar M, Biparva P, Akhtari J, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ferula persica extract (Fp-NPs): characterization, antibacterial, antileishmanial, and in vitro anticancer activities. Mater Today Commun. 2021;27: 102264.","journal-title":"Mater Today Commun"},{"key":"5081_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105498","volume":"208","author":"M Bagirova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagirova M, Dinparvar S, Allahverdiyev AM, Unal K, Abamor ES, Novruzova M. Investigation of antileshmanial activities of Cuminum cyminum based green silver nanoparticles on L. tropica promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. Acta Trop. 2020;208: 105498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105498.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"5081_CR52","first-page":"218","volume":"79","author":"C \u00d6zyurt","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6zyurt C. In vitro and in vivo effects of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles against Giardia lamblia infection. Arch Razi Inst. 2024;79(1):218.","journal-title":"Arch Razi Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"5081_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.34172\/ijep.2020.19","volume":"8","author":"A Karimipour-Saryazdi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karimipour-Saryazdi A, Ghaffarifar F, Tavakoli P, Karimipour-Saryazdi Y, Zaki L, Bahadory S. Anti-parasitic effects of herbal extract-based silver nanoparticles on the trophozoite and cystic forms of acanthamoeba protozoa. Int J Enteric Pathog. 2020;8(3):84\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Enteric Pathog"},{"key":"5081_CR54","unstructured":"Esmael HH, Saheb EJ, Hasoon SA. Eco-friendly synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Ficus benghalensis leaf extract and its antileishmaniasis activity. Biochem Cell Arch. 2020;20(1)."},{"key":"5081_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10112460","author":"AO Akinfenwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akinfenwa AO, Abdul NS, Docrat FT, Marnewick JL, Luckay RC, Hussein AA. Cytotoxic effects of phytomediated silver and gold nanoparticles synthesised from Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), and aspalathin. Plants (Basel). 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants10112460.","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"key":"5081_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479464","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2025.1479464","volume":"7","author":"WS Mota","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mota WS, Severino P, Kadian V, Rao R, Zieli\u0144ska A, Silva AM, Mahant S, Souto EB. Nanometrology: particle sizing and influence on the toxicological profile. Front Nanotechnol. 2025;7:1479464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnano.2025.1479464","journal-title":"Front Nanotechnol"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05081-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05081-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05081-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T09:58:38Z","timestamp":1759917518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05081-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05081-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not involve direct experimentation on human subjects. It was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All blood samples were anonymized leukocyte-reduced products obtained from the Blood Transfusion Organization\u2019s blood bank. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Ethics ID: IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1402.652), which also waived the need for informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"360"}}