{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:12:59Z","timestamp":1793236379118,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-05084-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T15:22:30Z","timestamp":1765898550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and factors associated with the use of complementary and alternative medicine among PCOS patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dahira Sani","family":"Ya\u2019u","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habibah binti Abdul","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Farhana binti Md","family":"Pauzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Nawwal Ahmad","family":"Nasfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norhasmah","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"5084_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00078","volume":"3","author":"SF Witchel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Witchel SF, Oberfield SE, Pe\u00f1a AS. Polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment with emphasis on adolescent girls. J Endocr Soc. 2019;3(8):1545\u201373.","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","volume":"97","author":"BC Fauser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, et al. Consensus on women\u2019s health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS consensus workshop group. Fertil Steril. 2012;97(1):28\u201338.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"11","key":"5084_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112589","volume":"15","author":"WM Wolf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolf WM, Wattick RA, Kinkade ON, Olfert MD. Geographical prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome as determined by region and race\/ethnicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(11):2589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15112589.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"5084_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.6.5803","volume":"84","author":"E Carmina","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carmina E, Lobo RA. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): arguably the most common endocrinopathy is associated with significant morbidity in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(6):1897\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"5084_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2021.05.038","volume":"105","author":"T Copp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Copp T, Muscat DM, Hersch J, et al. The challenges with managing polycystic ovary syndrome: a qualitative study of women\u2019s and clinicians\u2019 experiences. Patient Educ Couns. 2022;105(3):719\u201325.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"2","key":"5084_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G43","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad096","volume":"189","author":"HJ Teede","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJ, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023;189(2):G43\u201364.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5084_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1071","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa839","volume":"106","author":"KM Hoeger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoeger KM, Dokras A, Piltonen T. Update on PCOS: consequences, challenges, and guiding treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(3):e1071\u201383.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"5084_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2009.10.015","volume":"55","author":"CA Lunny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lunny CA, Fraser SN. The use of complementary and alternative medicines among a sample of Canadian menopausal-aged women. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2010;55(4):335\u201343.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"7269","key":"5084_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7269.1133","volume":"321","author":"E Ernst","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ernst E. The role of complementary and alternative medicine. BMJ. 2000;321(7269):1133.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5084_CR10","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Complementary, alternative, or integrative health: what\u2019s in a name. Natl Cent Complement Integr Health. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/complementary-alternative-or-integrative-health-whats-in-a-name"},{"issue":"2","key":"5084_CR11","first-page":"79","volume":"16","author":"I Bell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bell I, Koithan M. Patient-centered research on whole systems of complementary and alternative medicine: a complex systems science perspective (Part I: concepts). Forsch Komplementmed. 2009;16(2):79\u201386.","journal-title":"Forsch Komplementmed"},{"issue":"5","key":"5084_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.4158\/EP09083.RAR","volume":"15","author":"SC Bishop","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bishop SC, Basch S, Futterweit W. Polycystic ovary syndrome, depression, and affective disorders. Endocr Pract. 2009;15(5):475\u201382.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR13","first-page":"8","volume":"10","author":"D Potur Coskuner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Potur Coskuner D, Komurcu N. Complementary therapies for dysmenorrhea management. J Educ Res Nurs. 2013;10(1):8\u201313.","journal-title":"J Educ Res Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"5084_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2020.0092","volume":"26","author":"CM Cox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cox CM, Johnson CL. Engagement in nonbiomedical practices for fertility enhancement: a scoping review. J Altern Complement Med. 2020;26(11):1000\u201314.","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"5084_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-472","volume":"14","author":"S Arentz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arentz S, Smith CA, Abbott JA, Bensoussan A. A survey of the use of complementary medicine by a self-selected community group of Australian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:1.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04229-9","volume":"23","author":"VS Rao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rao VS, Armour M, Cheema BS, et al. Use of traditional and complementary medicine by ethnic Indian women living with polycystic ovary syndrome: a global survey. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023;23(1):392.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818401100101","volume":"11","author":"NK Janz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Janz NK, Becker MH. The health belief model: a decade later. Health Educ Q. 1984;11(1):1\u201347.","journal-title":"Health Educ Q"},{"key":"5084_CR18","first-page":"78","volume":"1","author":"G Hochbaum","year":"1952","unstructured":"Hochbaum G, Rosenstock I, Kegels S. Health belief model. US Public Health Serv. 1952;1:78\u201380.","journal-title":"US Public Health Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-443201-7.50010-5","volume":"1","author":"KA Wallston","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wallston KA, Wallston BS. Health locus of control scales. Res Locus Control Constr. 1981;1(1):189\u2013243.","journal-title":"Res Locus Control Constr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/109019817800600102","volume":"6","author":"B Strudler Wallston","year":"1978","unstructured":"Strudler Wallston B, Wallston KA. Locus of control and health: a review of the literature. Health Educ Monogr. 1978;6(1):107\u201317.","journal-title":"Health Educ Monogr"},{"key":"5084_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01489-w","volume":"21","author":"I Fatima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fatima I, Yaqoob S, Jamil F, et al. Relationship between loci of control and health-promoting behaviors in Pakistani women with polycystic ovary syndrome: coping strategies as mediators. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR22","first-page":"1604","volume":"7","author":"S Dashti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dashti S, Latiff LA, Hamid HA, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome among Malaysian female university staff. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2019;7(1):1604\u201310.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Reprod Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"5084_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2021.238551","volume":"12","author":"R El-Kurdy","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Kurdy R, Mohammed HH, Ali AA, et al. Effect of program based on health belief model on women\u2019s knowledge and beliefs regarding cervical cancer prevention. Egypt J Health Care. 2021;12(4):1700\u201312.","journal-title":"Egypt J Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2202\/1553-3840.1511","volume":"8","author":"S Mhatre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mhatre S, Artani S, Sansgiry S. Influence of benefits, barriers and cues to action for complementary and alternative medicine use among university students. J Complement Integr Med. 2011;8(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Complement Integr Med"},{"key":"5084_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-021-00423-z","author":"J Farnier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farnier J, Shankland R, Kotsou I, et al. Empowering well-being: validation of a locus of control scale specific to well-being. J Happiness Stud. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-021-00423-z.","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud"},{"issue":"8","key":"5084_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.14456\/apjcp.2016.164","volume":"17","author":"S Dashti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dashti S, Latiff LA, Hamid HA, et al. Sexual dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(8):3747\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14456\/apjcp.2016.164.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"15","key":"5084_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6237","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.15.6237","volume":"16","author":"M Nagashekhara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagashekhara M, Murthy V, Mruthyunjaya AT, et al. An empirical study on traditional, complementary and alternative medicine usage among Malaysian cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(15):6237\u201341.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5084_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2014.11.010","volume":"5","author":"AA Kadir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kadir AA, Hamid AH, Mohammad M. Pattern of complementary and alternative medicine use among Malaysian stroke survivors: a hospital-based prospective study. J Tradit Complement Med. 2015;5(3):157\u201360.","journal-title":"J Tradit Complement Med"},{"key":"5084_CR29","first-page":"2399","volume":"23","author":"GG Gan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gan GG, Leong YC, Bee PC, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use in patients with hematological cancers in Malaysia. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23:2399\u2013406.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"5084_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/1474651410398367","volume":"11","author":"SS Hasan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hasan SS, Loon WC, Ahmadi K, et al. Reasons, perceived efficacy and factors associated with complementary and alternative medicine use among Malaysian patients with diabetes mellitus. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2011;11(2):92\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5084_CR31","first-page":"258","volume":"78","author":"E Ernst","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ernst E. Prevalence of use of complementary\/alternative medicine: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(2):258\u201366.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"5084_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/ijar.ijar_4_22","volume":"3","author":"DJ Bhuyan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhuyan DJ, Dissanayake IH, Jaye K, et al. Traditional and complementary medicine in Australia: clinical practice, research, education, and regulation. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2022;3(1):16\u201329.","journal-title":"Int J Ayurveda Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"5084_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(93)90432-4","volume":"37","author":"J Murray","year":"1993","unstructured":"Murray J, Shepherd S. Alternative or additional medicine? An exploratory study in general practice. Soc Sci Med. 1993;37(8):983\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5084_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.5172\/hesr.2007.16.3-4.214","volume":"16","author":"I Coulter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coulter I, Willis E. Explaining the growth of complementary and alternative medicine. Health Sociol Rev. 2007;16(3\u20134):214\u201325.","journal-title":"Health Sociol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5084_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035515","volume":"7","author":"K Ayele","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ayele K, Tesfa B, Abebe L, et al. Self-care behavior among patients with diabetes in Harari, Eastern Ethiopia: the health belief model perspective. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35515.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"5084_CR36","first-page":"273","volume":"20","author":"D Min","year":"2022","unstructured":"Min D, Jang IS, Park S. Preventive behavior intentions for polycystic ovary syndrome in young students. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2022;20(5):273\u20139.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"5084_CR37","first-page":"368","volume":"30","author":"M Karimy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karimy M, Araban M, Zareban I, et al. Determinants of adherence to self-care behavior among women with type 2 diabetes: an explanation based on health belief model. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2016;30:368.","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"issue":"12","key":"5084_CR38","first-page":"275","volume":"3","author":"T Etesamifard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Etesamifard T, Jouybari TA, Zinat-Motlagh F, et al. Is the health belief model as an appropriate predictor of the self-care behaviors in type II diabetic patients? J Biol Todays World. 2014;3(12):275\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biol Todays World"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05084-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05084-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05084-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T03:03:03Z","timestamp":1765940583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05084-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-025-05084-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was sought from the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects at Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM) and the Clinical Research Unit of Hospital Sultaan Abdul-Aziz Shah (CRU HPUPM). The JKEUPM reference number is JKEUPM-2023-298. Approval and permissions were also sought from Hospital Putrajaya. The research was also registered with the National Medical Research Registry (NMRR) with the registration number NMRR ID-23-03283-YJ4. This study has adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Free and informed consent was obtained from all the participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"441"}}