{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:25:09Z","timestamp":1791048309597,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Backgroud<\/jats:title>\n \n Mikania cordata<\/jats:italic>\n is a resource-rich plant which is used in traditional medicinal practices to treat eye sores, snake and scorpion bites, cough, a range of gastrointestinal disorders and topical applications for cuts, wounds and to stop bleeding. This study examined the in vitro wound healing activity of aqueous, acetone and methanolic extracts of\n M. cordata<\/jats:italic>\n leaves.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Human macro-vascular endothelial cells (EC) were exposed to the three extracts at 3.9\u2013500\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL to determine their non-toxic concentrations and in vitro wound healing ability was assessed using scratch assay. The nitrite levels produced by scratched ECs were assessed by Griess assay and the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at 48\u00a0h was assessed using the conventional PCR by quantifying the intensity of gel band.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n All concentrations of the three extracts of\n M. cordata<\/jats:italic>\n tested were non-toxic to EC. Methanolic extract and positive control Allantoin showed the highest in vitro wound healing activity of 75% and 82% compared to that by aqueous (66%) and acetone (56%) extracts (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). EC treated with 125\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml of methanolic extract showed a significant increase in nitrite level when compared to that of Allantoin (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). A similar expression of VEGF (0.44) was observed in EC treated with methanolic extract of\n M. cordata<\/jats:italic>\n when compared to that of the EC treated with Allantoin (0.42).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n M. cordata<\/jats:italic>\n leaves are potent in wound healing, with methanolic extract showing the highest activity. These findings demand further studies to investigate the active compounds present in\n M. cordata<\/jats:italic>\n which specifically contribute to wound healing and the mechanisms induced to promote wound healing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-05110-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:16:08Z","timestamp":1760015768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In vitro effect of Mikania cordata leaf extracts on wound healing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Naomi Navaneeta","family":"Vijithsingh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushalya","family":"Anuradha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiroma Mangalika","family":"Handunnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narmada","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanishka","family":"Senarath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050559","volume":"21","author":"H Yuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yuan H, Ma Q, Ye L, Piao G. The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules. 2016;21(5):559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules21050559","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5110_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galor SW, Benzie IFF. 2011. Herbal medicine: A growing field with a long tradition. Herbal Medicne: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects, 2nd edition. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22593937\/.","DOI":"10.1201\/b10787"},{"key":"5110_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2022. Who establishes the Global Centre for Traditional Medicine in India. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/25-03-2022-who-establishes-the-global-centre-for-traditional-medicine-in-india#:~:text=Around%2080%25%20of%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20population%20is%20estimated,and%20data%20on%20traditional%20medicine%20practices%20and%20products. Accessed 18 June 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"5110_CR4","first-page":"447","volume":"06","author":"SMS Samarakoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samarakoon SMS, Rathnayake A, Herapathdeniya SKMK. The diversity of Indigenous medicine of Sri Lanka A cross sectional study. Sri Lanka J Med. 2021;06(1):447\u201353. http:\/\/sljim.iim.cmb.ac.lk\/journal\/index.php\/sljim\/issue\/view\/1\/1.","journal-title":"Sri Lanka J Med"},{"key":"5110_CR5","unstructured":"Perera PK. 2012. Current scenario of XXXignalli and traditional medicine in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Herbal International Summit cum Exhibition on Medicinal and Aromatic Products, Spices and Fnished Products (hi-MAPS), Research Gate. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/224771841_Current_scenario_of_herbal_medicine_in_Sri_Lanka."},{"issue":"3","key":"5110_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509359125","volume":"89","author":"S Guo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guo S, DiPietro L. Factors affecting wound healing. J Dent Res. 2010;89(3):219\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034509359125.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"5110_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200223","volume":"10","author":"HN Wikinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wikinson HN, Hardman MJ. Wond healing: cellular mechanisms and pathological outcomes. Open Biology. 2020;10(9):200\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsob.200223.","journal-title":"Open Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5110_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.04.023","volume":"153","author":"P Bao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bao P, Kodra A, Tomic-Canic M, Golinko M, Ehrlich H, Brem H. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in wound healing. J Surg Res. 2009;153(2):347\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2008.04.023.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5110_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734603256626","volume":"2","author":"DO Bates","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bates DO, Jones RO. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in wound healing. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2003;2(2):107\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534734603256626.","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"key":"5110_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.80215","author":"R Farahpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farahpour R. Medicinal plants in wound healing. Wound healing.\u2013. Curr Perspect. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.80215.","journal-title":"Curr Perspect"},{"key":"5110_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma A, Khanna S, Kaur G, Singh I. Medicinal plants and their components for wound healing applications. Future J Pharm Sci. 2021;7(53). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43094-021-00202-w.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-021-00202-w"},{"key":"5110_CR12","unstructured":"Shastri BN. 1947. Wealth of India. Digital Library of India. Available at: https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/in.ernet.dli.2015.46100\/page\/n435\/mode\/2up?q=mikania+cordata."},{"issue":"6","key":"5110_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.01.009","volume":"25","author":"SA Siddiqui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siddiqui SA, Rahman A, Rahman MO, Akbar MA, Rouf ASS, Ali MA, et al. Evaluation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of Mikania cordata (Burm. F.) Robinson in experimental animal model. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018;25(6):1049\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.01.009.","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"5110_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.1.4293.7840","volume-title":"Safety and efficacy of herbal ointment formulated with methanolic extract of Mikania cordata as treatment for acute superficial injury","author":"BE Herbert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herbert BE, Bagares LM, Gakang RR, Garcines K, Go SS, Jalamana MA. Safety and efficacy of herbal ointment formulated with methanolic extract of Mikania cordata as treatment for acute superficial injury. Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; 2014. pp. 2347\u20132332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.4293.7840."},{"key":"5110_CR15","unstructured":"Rahmathulla M, Mukti IJ, Haque AMF, Jahan R. An ethnobotanical survey and Pharmacological evaluation of medicinal plants used by the Garo tribal community living in Netrakona district, Bangladesh. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 2009;3(33):402418. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/271531538."},{"issue":"9","key":"5110_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001774930","volume":"52","author":"MA Mosaddik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mosaddik MA, Alam KM. The anti-ulcerogenic effect of an alkaloidal fraction from Mikania cordata on diclofenac sodium-induced Gastrointestinal lesions in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000;52(9):1157\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1211\/0022357001774930.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5110_CR17","first-page":"434","volume":"73","author":"AA Patar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patar AA, Yahaya B. The analysis of Aquoues and ethanolic extracts of Malaysian Mikania cordata leaves towards the potential for medicinal substances. Eur J Sci Res. 2012;73(4):434\u201340. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/236873213_The_Analysis_of_Aquoues_and_Ethanolic_Extracts_of_Malaysian_Mikania_Cordata_Leaves_towards_the_Potential_for_Medicinal_Substances.","journal-title":"Eur J Sci Res"},{"key":"5110_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8674708","author":"P Jayatilake","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jayatilake P, Munasinghe H. In vitro determination of antimicrobial and hypoglycemic activities of Mikania cordata (Asteraceae) leaf extracts. Biochem Res Int. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8674708.","journal-title":"Biochem Res Int"},{"key":"5110_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115746","author":"E Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang E, Lee J, Seo S, Uddin S, Lee S, Han SB, Cho S. Regulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses by methanolic extract of Mikania cordata (Burm. F.) B. L. Rob. Leaves via the inactivation of NF-\u03baB and MAPK xxxignalling pathways and activation of Nrf2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacotherapy 168. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115746.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacotherapy 168"},{"key":"5110_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2023.e01861","volume":"21","author":"PC Munezero","year":"2023","unstructured":"Munezero PC, Handunnetti S, Fernando N, Ranaweera L, Hapuarachchi SD, Nyamweya BM, et al. Preliminary study on the effect of Munronia pinnata (wall) theob. (Meliaceae) aqueous extract on functional change in endothelial cells infected by dengue virus. Sci Afr. 2023;21:948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sciaf.2023.e01861.","journal-title":"Sci Afr"},{"key":"5110_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rukshala D, Silva ED, Ranaweera L, Fernando N, Handunnetti SM. Anti-inflammatory effect of leaves of Vernonia Zeylanica in lipopolysaccharide stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced rat paw-edema model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030"},{"issue":"5","key":"5110_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.36224","volume":"8","author":"J Jonkman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jonkman J, Cathcart J, Xu F, Bartolini M, Amon J, Stevens K, et al. An introduction to the wound healing assay using live-cell microscopy. Cell Adhes Migr. 2014;8(5):440\u201351.","journal-title":"Cell Adhes Migr"},{"key":"5110_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8832586","volume":"2021","author":"SC Mitini-Nkhoma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mitini-Nkhoma SC, Fernando N, Ishaka GKD, Handunnetti SM, Pathirana SL. Ion transport modulators differentially modulate inflammatory responses in THP-1 derived macrophages. J Immunol Res. 2021;2021:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8832586.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5110_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_175_19","volume":"12","author":"AR Abubakar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abubakar AR, Haque M. Preparation of medicinal plants: basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020;12(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_175_19.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5110_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0506","volume":"5","author":"RF Pereira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pereira RF, B\u00e1rtolo PJ. Traditional therapies for skin wound healing. Adv Wound Care. 2016;5(5):208\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/wound.2013.0506.","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care"},{"key":"5110_CR26","unstructured":"Atcc.org.EA.hy926. ATCC. 2021. Available at: