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The potential of autophagy inhibition in mitigating DOX resistance in BC has yet to be clarified. Despite showing anti-tumorigenic activity, the role of ligustilide (LIG) in BC treatment remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate LIG-mediated autophagy inhibition in DOX-treated MCF-7, MCF-7\/DOX, and MDA-MB-231 cells, and investigate LncRNA H19\u2019s role in BC resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The three cell lines were treated with DOX, LIG, or both of them. Autophagic flux and expression of ER\u03b1, metastasis-associated protein (MTA1) complex components, autophagy-related 7 gene (\n                      <jats:italic>ATG7<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), multidrug resistance gene 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and LncRNA H19 were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both individual treatments showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. When combined together, LIG increased DOX cytotoxicity in MCF-7\/DOX and MDA-MB-231. LIG inhibited DOX-induced autophagic flux, indicated by elevated LC3BII and p62 levels, and reversed\n                      <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in MCF-7\/DOX and MDA-MB-231. LIG monotherapy upregulated ER\u03b1 in MCF-7\/DOX and restored its expression in MDA-MB-231. In MCF-7\/DOX, combined treatment upregulated ER\u03b1 and downregulated LncRNA H19 relative to DOX monotherapy, whereas in MDA-MB-231, it upregulated LncRNA H19 compared with DOX monotherapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LIG mitigated DOX-induced resistance through inhibiting autophagy, restoring ER\u03b1 expression, and downregulating LncRNA H19 in the DOX-resistant BC cell line, thereby presenting a potential therapeutic approach in BC treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-026-05397-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T02:34:22Z","timestamp":1778639662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resistance to doxorubicin therapy in breast cancer cells could be attenuated by ligustilide: impact on autophagy and LncRNA H19"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eman A.","family":"Amr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola A.","family":"El-Feky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman G.","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahla E.","family":"El-Ashmawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5397_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01261-4","volume":"20","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, et al. 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