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Given that natural products with selective antitumour properties offer potential for novel therapies, we evaluated the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and molecular effects of\n                      <jats:italic>cinnamon<\/jats:italic>\n                      essential oil (CEO) on HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and SiHa) and nontumorigenic keratinocytes (HaCaT).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cells were exposed to a range of dilutions of CEO. Cell viability was determined by WST-1 and sulforhodamine B assays. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V\/PI staining, caspase-3\/8\/9 activation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (\u0394\u03c8m) loss by flow cytometry. Proliferation was measured using EdU incorporation, and senescence was measured by \u03b2-galactosidase activity. Genome-wide transcriptional changes and HPV E6\/E7 oncogene expression were analysed by RNA-Seq and validated with qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CEO induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity and inhibited proliferation in cervical cancer cells, while HaCaT cells were significantly more resistant. Apoptosis was evidenced by Annexin V\/PI positivity, activation of caspases -8, -9, and -3, and significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. No significant senescence induction was observed. Additionally, CEO also significantly downregulated HPV\n                      <jats:italic>E6<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>E7<\/jats:italic>\n                      oncogene expression in HeLa and SiHa cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed broad differential gene expression, including upregulation of stress and apoptosis-related genes and downregulation of proliferation, oxidative phosphorylation, and viral-related pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CEO exerts selective cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on cervical cancer cells by triggering mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and suppressing HPV oncogenes. These findings support CEO as a potential source of bioactive compounds for complementary strategies against HPV-related malignancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-026-05471-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:37:56Z","timestamp":1785249476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated transcriptomic and functional analysis reveals selective cytotoxicity and HPV oncogene suppression induced by cinnamon essential oil in cervical cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ruben","family":"Pi\u00f1a-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Molina-Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayma","family":"Vizcarra-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Chagoll\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Felipe","family":"Jave-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9288-4824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Aguilar-Lemarroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5471_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35369","volume":"157","author":"Z Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Z, Liu P, Yin A, Zhang B, Xu J, Chen Z, et al. 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