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This study aimed to identify antidiabetic bioactive compounds from\n                      <jats:italic>Bauhinia tomentosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      aerial parts via bioassay-directed fractionation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determination of serum glucose and insulin levels was conducted on nicotinamide\u2009+\u2009STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with different fractions via a glucose oxidase assay kit and a rat insulin ELISA kit. In addition, GLUT4 protein levels in muscle homogenates were quantified via an ELISA kit.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction (the most active fraction) was fractionated via column chromatography (CC), and the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction was characterized via LC\u2012QTOF\u2012MS\/MS analysis. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -glucosidase, and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -amylase inhibitory activities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EtOAc fraction markedly reduced the serum glucose level in the nicotinamide\u2009+\u2009STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats (136.6\u2009\u00b1\u200912.17 mg\/dL). Moreover, it showed a significant increase in serum insulin level (0.344\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 \u00b5IU\/mL). Four compounds (1\u20144) were isolated, of which luteolin showed potent inhibition of \u03b1-amylase activity, with an IC50 value of 19.32\u2009\u00b1\u20091.046 \u00b5M, as well as significant DPPH scavenging capacity. The LC-QTOF-MS\/MS profiling validated the phytoconstituent composition and confirmed its chemotaxonomic relationship with closely related species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antidiabetic effects of EtOAc fraction and its isolates may be attributed to its insulinotropic, antioxidant, and carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzyme inhibitory activities. Luteolin has been shown to be at least partially responsible for the antidiabetic activity of\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>tomentosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-026-05484-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T07:05:02Z","timestamp":1785567902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical and antidiabetic evaluation of Bauhinia tomentosa L. aerial parts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3312-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourin G.","family":"Malak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai A. 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The plant material was authenticated by the Agricultural engineer Therease Labib, Plant Taxonomy consultant at the Ministry of Agriculture. Permission for plant material collection was obtained from Shehab Mazhar Developments. The voucher specimens (AUN-PHG-102024) were deposited at the Herbarium of the Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. All the procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines.All animal experiments were conducted in compliance with protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines (Ethics Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University; 05-2024-001).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"235"}}