{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:25:19Z","timestamp":1792193119681,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476403200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gilbert Whittaker Fund for the Improvement of Teaching"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-016-0780-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T07:22:11Z","timestamp":1476429731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Assessing musculoskeletal examination skills and diagnostic reasoning of 4th year medical students using a novel objective structured clinical exam"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"R. Brent","family":"Stansfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Diponio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cliff","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmund","family":"Chadd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seetha","family":"Monrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"780_CR1","unstructured":"United States Bone and Joint Initiative: The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States (BMUS), Third Edition, 2014. Rosemont, IL. Available at http:\/\/www.boneandjointburden.org. Accessed 17 Sept 2015."},{"issue":"3","key":"780_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-011-9083-x","volume":"4","author":"SU Monrad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monrad SU, Zeller JL, Craig CL, Diponio LA. Musculoskeletal education in US medical schools: lessons from the past and suggestions for the future. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2011;4(3):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"780_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murphy R, Laporte D, Wadey V. Musculoskeletal education in medical school deficits in knowledge and strategies for improvement. J Bone Jt Surg. 2014:2009-2014. doi: 10.2106\/JBJS.N.00354 .","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00354"},{"issue":"5","key":"780_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31803ea860","volume":"82","author":"CS Day","year":"2007","unstructured":"Day CS, Yeh AC, Franko O, Ramirez M, Krupat E. Musculoskeletal medicine: an assessment of the attitudes and knowledge of medical students at Harvard Medical School. Acad Med. 2007;82(5):452\u20137.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"780_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e146(1-7)","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01286","volume":"94","author":"NW Skelley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Skelley NW, Tanaka MJ, Skelley LM, LaPorte DM. Medical student musculoskeletal education: an institutional survey. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(19):e146(1-7).","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"780_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000570","volume":"90","author":"SJ Peitzman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peitzman SJ, Cuddy MM. Performance in physical examination on the USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills examination. Acad Med. 2015;90(2):209\u201313.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"780_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199810000-00003","volume":"80","author":"KB Freedman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Freedman KB, Bernstein J. The adequacy of medical school education in musculoskeletal medicine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80(10):1421\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"780_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200204000-00015","volume":"84-A","author":"KB Freedman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Freedman KB, Bernstein J. Educational deficiencies in musculoskeletal medicine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A(4):604\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"780_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000164497.51069.d9","volume":"437","author":"GA Schmale","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schmale GA. More evidence of educational inadequacies in musculoskeletal medicine. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;437:251\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"780_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01365","volume":"88","author":"JR Lynch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lynch JR, Schmale GA, Schaad DC, Leopold SS. Important demographic variables impact the musculoskeletal knowledge and confidence of academic primary care physicians. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(7):1589\u201395.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"780_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.01779","volume":"87","author":"E Matzkin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matzkin E, Smith EL, Freccero D, Richardson AB. Adequacy of education in musculoskeletal medicine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(2):310\u20134.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"780_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00488","volume":"97","author":"SS Al-Nammari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Nammari SS, Pengas I, Asopa V, Jawad A, Rafferty M, Ramachandran M. The inadequacy of musculoskeletal knowledge in graduating medical students in the United Kingdom. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(7):e36.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"780_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199807000-00009","volume":"77","author":"SS Jain","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jain SS, DeLisa JA, Eyles MY, Nadler S, Kirshblum S, Smith A. Further experience in development of an objective structured clinical examination for physical medicine and rehabilitation residents. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;77(4):306\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"780_CR14","first-page":"421","volume":"34","author":"N Raj","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raj N, Badcock LJ, Brown GA, Deighton CM, O'Reilly SC. Design and validation of 2 objective structured clinical examination stations to assess core undergraduate examinationskills of the hand and knee. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(2):421\u20134.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"780_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00518","volume":"94","author":"MC Beran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beran MC, Awan H, Rowley D, Samora JB, Griesser MJ, Bishop JY. Assessment of musculoskeletal physical examination skills and attitudes of orthopaedic residents. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(6):e36.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"780_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2008.03281.x","volume":"43","author":"CD Kreiter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kreiter CD, Bergus G. The validity of performance-based measures of clinical reasoning and alternative approaches. Med Educ. 2009;43(4):320\u20135.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"8","key":"780_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.03379.x","volume":"43","author":"R Yudkowsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yudkowsky R, Otaki J, Lowenstein T, Riddle J, Nishigori H, Bordage G. A hypothesis-driven physical examination learning and assessment procedure for medical students: initial validity evidence. Med Educ. 2009;43(8):729\u201340.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"10 Suppl","key":"780_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200210001-00022","volume":"77","author":"VR Leblanc","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leblanc VR, Brooks LR, Norman GR. Believing is seeing: the influence of a diagnostic hypothesis on the interpretation of clinical features. Acad Med. 2002;77(10 Suppl):S67\u20139.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"780_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00689.x","volume":"21","author":"G Bordage","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bordage G. The curriculum: overloaded and too general? Med Educ. 1987;21(3):183\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"9","key":"780_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-9-751","volume":"117","author":"EW St Clair","year":"1992","unstructured":"St Clair EW, Oddone EZ, Waugh RA, Corey GR, Feussner JR. Assessing housestaff diagnostic skills using a cardiology patient simulator. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117(9):751\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"780_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2003.01594.x","volume":"37","author":"SM Downing","year":"2003","unstructured":"Downing SM. Validity: on the meaningful interpretation of assessment data. Med Educ. 2003;37(9):830\u20137.","journal-title":"Med Educ"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-016-0780-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-016-0780-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-016-0780-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T12:08:25Z","timestamp":1568462905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12909-016-0780-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-016-0780-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]},"article-number":"268"}}