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Non-verbal communication tends to override verbal messages. The aim of this study was to analyze how medical students use verbal and non-verbal communication using two different educational approaches, student role play (SRP) and actor simulated patient (ASP), and whether the non-verbal behaviour is different in the two different poses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three raters evaluated 20 students playing the doctor role, 10 in the SRP group and 10 in the ASP group. The videos were analyzed with the Calgary-Cambridge Referenced Observation Guide (CCG) and, for a more accurate evaluation of non-verbal communication, we also evaluated signs of nervousness, and posture. Empathy was rated with the CARE questionnaire. Independent Mann Whitney U tests and Qhi square tests were performed for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From the 6 main tasks of the CCG score, we obtained higher scores in the ASP group for the task \u2018Gathering information\u2019 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0008). Concerning the 17 descriptors of the CCG, the ASP group obtained significantly better scores for \u2018Exploration of the patients\u2019 problems to discover the biomedical perspective\u2019 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), \u2018Exploration of the patients\u2019 problems to discover background information and context\u2019 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0004) and for \u2018Closing the session \u2013 Forward planning\u2019 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). With respect to non-verbal behaviour items, nervousness was significantly higher in the ASP group compared to the SRP group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Concerning empathy, no differences were found between the SRP and ASP groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students displayed differentiated verbal and non-verbal communication behaviour during the two communication skills training methodologies. These results show that both methodologies have certain advantages and that more explicit non-verbal communication training might be necessary in order to raise students\u2019 awareness for this type of communication and increase doctor-patient interaction effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02401-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T07:04:34Z","timestamp":1607065474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Simulated patient and role play methodologies for communication skills and empathy training of undergraduate medical students"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Bagacean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ianis","family":"Cousin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Helene","family":"Ubertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El Yacoubi El Idrissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bordron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lolita","family":"Mercadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonor Canales","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Ianotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philine","family":"De Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Berthou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2401_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2307\/2136791","volume":"28","author":"MK Buller","year":"1987","unstructured":"Buller MK, Buller DB. 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