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For diagnostic and for didactic purposes, standardized and reliable tests suitable to assess the competencies involved in \u201cworking hygienically\u201d are required. However, existing tests usually use self-report questionnaires, which are suboptimal for this purpose. In the present study, we introduce the newly developed, competence-oriented\n                      <jats:italic>HygiKo<\/jats:italic>\n                      test instrument focusing health-care professionals\u2019 hygiene competence and report empirical evidence regarding its psychometric properties.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HygiKo is a Situational Judgement Test (SJT) to assess hygiene competence. The HygiKo-test consists of twenty pictures (items), each item presents\n                      <jats:italic>only one unambiguous<\/jats:italic>\n                      hygiene lapse. For each item, test respondents are asked (1) whether they recognize a problem in the picture with respect to hygiene guidelines and, (2) if yes, to describe the problem in a short verbal response. Our sample comprised\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009149 health care professionals (79.1\u2009% female; age:\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926.7 years,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097.3 years) working as clinicians or nurses. The written responses were rated by two independent raters with high agreement (\u03b1\u2009&gt;\u20090.80), indicating high reliability of the measurement. We used Item Response Theory (IRT) for further data analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report IRT analyses that show that the HygiKo-test is suitable to assess hygiene competence and that it allows to distinguish between persons demonstrating different levels of ability for seventeen of the twenty items), especially for the range of low to medium person abilities. Hence, the HygiKo-SJT is suitable to get a reliable and competence-oriented measure for hygiene-competence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In its present form, the HygiKo-test can be used to assess the hygiene competence of medical students, medical doctors, nurses and trainee nurses in cross-sectional measurements. In order to broaden the difficulty spectrum of the current test, additional test items with higher difficulty should be developed. The Situational Judgement Test designed to assess hygiene competence can be helpful in\n                      <jats:italic>testing<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>teaching<\/jats:italic>\n                      the ability of working hygienically. Further research for validity is needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02829-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T08:03:39Z","timestamp":1627632219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Measuring hygiene competence: the picture-based situational judgement test HygiKo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Susanne Katharina","family":"Heininger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Zehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Burgkart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"S\u00f6llner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal O.","family":"Berberat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Gartmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2829_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan HA, Baig FK, Mehboob R. 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The study reported here was approved by the local ethics commission (No. 168\/18 S, Ethics Commission, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"410"}}