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However, it is difficult for junior medical students, which have relatively poor human anatomy knowledge and first aid experience. Therefore, we aim to create a treatment simulation software for war trauma, and to explore its application for first aid training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u00a0<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a quantitative post-positivist study using a survey for data collection. First, high-resolution, thin-sectional anatomical images (Chinese Visible Human (CVH) dataset) were used to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) wound models. Then, the simulation system and the corresponding interactive 3D-PDF, including 3D models, graphic explanation, and teaching videos, were built, and used for first aid training in army medical college. Finally, the interface, war trauma modules, and training effects were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. All measurements are represented as mean and standard deviations. Moreover, free text comments from questionnaires were collected and aggregated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The simulation software and interactive 3D-PDF were established. This included pressure hemostasis of the vertex, face, head-shoulder, shoulder-arm, upper forearm, lower limb, foot, and punctures of the cricothyroid\u00a0membrane, pneumothorax, and marrow cavity. Seventy-eight medical students participated in the training and completed the questionnaire, including 66 junior college students and 12 graduate students. The results indicated that they were highly satisfied with the software (score: 4.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.56). The systems were user-friendly (score: 4.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.61) and easy to operate (score: 4.49\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68). The 3D models, knowledge of hemostasis, and puncture were accurate (scores: 4.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.67, and 4.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.69) and easily adopted (scores: 4.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.635, and 4.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.648). They provided information about hemostasis and puncture (all scores\u2009&gt;\u20094.40), except for cricothyroid membrane puncture (scores: 4.39\u2009\u00b1\u20090.61), improved the learning enthusiasm of medical students (score: 4.55\u2009\u00b1\u20090.549), and increased learning interest (score: 4.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our software can effectively help medical students master first aid skills including hemostasis, cricothyroid membrane and bone marrow puncture, and its anatomy. This may also be used for soldiers and national first aid training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03566-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T19:02:44Z","timestamp":1656183764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Creation and application of war trauma treatment simulation software for first aid on the battlefield based on undeformed high-resolution sectional anatomical image (Chinese Visible Human dataset)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter H.","family":"Lamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"3566_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.01.040","volume":"35","author":"JC Dunn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dunn JC, Kusnezov N, Schoenfeld AJ, et al. 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