{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:10:10Z","timestamp":1793329810177,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study determined Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) effectiveness in evaluating specific skill sets based on medical students\u2019 performances during the undergraduate years and compared the academic performances of medical students who appeared for onsite\/online MMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study of 140 undergraduate medical students between 2016 and 2020 included data on age, gender, pre-university results, MMI scores, and examination results. Appropriate non-parametric tests were applied to compare the students\u2019 MMI and academic performances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety-eight students from cohorts 12 to 15 had an overall MMI score of 69.0(IQR: 65.0\u201473.2)\/100 and an overall Cumulative Grade Point Average(GPA) of 3.64 (3.42\u20143.78)\/5.0. Spearman\u2019s correlation revealed a significantly positive relationship between MMI and cGPA (rho\u2009=\u20090.23) and GPA from the first 2 semesters (GPA1 rho\u2009=\u20090.25, GPA2 rho\u2009=\u20090.27). This observation was similar to that for station A in the first year (cGPA rho\u2009=\u20090.28, GPA1 rho\u2009=\u20090.34, GPA2 rho\u2009=\u20090.24), and in station B (GPA4 rho\u2009=\u20090.25) and D (GPA3 rho\u2009=\u20090.28, GPA4 rho\u2009=\u20090.24) in the second year. Of twenty-nine cohort16 students, 17(58.6%) underwent online and 12(41.4%) offline modes of MMI assessment, respectively. The overall median MMI score was 66.6(IQR: 58.6\u201471.6)\/100, and the overall median cGPA was 3.45 (3.23\u20143.58)\/5.0. When comparing the median marks of cohort16 groups, the online group scored significantly higher marks for station D than the offline group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Correspondence between MMI scores and cGPA predicted MMI scoring during student selection and entry process might ensure the success of their academic performance in medical school.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04183-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T16:03:34Z","timestamp":1679933014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiple mini-interviews is a predictor of students\u2019 academic achievements in early undergraduate medical years: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Faiza","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya Chee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Ling","family":"Chaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazean","family":"Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Yuh Yen","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4183_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1298-8","volume":"18","author":"B Griffin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Griffin B, Auton J, Duvivier R, Shulruf B, Hu W. Multiple mini interviews: revealing similarities across institutions. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"4183_CR2","first-page":"203","volume":"14","author":"MSB Yusoff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yusoff MSB. Multiple mini interview as an admission tool in higher education: insights from a systematic review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2019;14(3):203\u201340.","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"4183_CR3","first-page":"1905","volume":"67","author":"R Ayub","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ayub R, Yousuf N, Asad M, Khan UA. Multiple mini interviews as a measure of non-cognitive skills for admissions into undergraduate medical education programme in Pakistan: a validity study. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67(12):1905\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4183_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-1866-0","volume":"9","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Park SB, Park SC, Park WS, Ryu S-W, Yang JH, et al. Multiple mini-interviews as a predictor of academic achievements during the first 2 years of medical school. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"4183_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCall KL, Allen DD, Fike DS. Predictors of academic success in a doctor of pharmacy program. Am J Pharmaceutical Educ.\u00a02006;70(5):106(1\u20137).","DOI":"10.5688\/aj7005106"},{"issue":"7","key":"4183_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12193","volume":"47","author":"A Husbands","year":"2013","unstructured":"Husbands A, Dowell J. Predictive validity of the Dundee multiple mini-interview. Med Educ. 2013;47(7):717\u201325.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"12","key":"4183_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12535","volume":"48","author":"M Knorr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knorr M, Hissbach J. Multiple mini-interviews: Same concept, different approaches. Med Educ. 2014;48(12):1157\u201375.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4183_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2007.02709.x","volume":"41","author":"HI Reiter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reiter HI, Eva KW, Rosenfeld J, Norman GR. Multiple mini-interviews predict clerkship and licensing examination performance. Med Educ. 2007;41(4):378\u201384.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"10","key":"4183_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200410001-00012","volume":"79","author":"KW Eva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eva KW, Reiter HI, Rosenfeld J, Norman GR. The ability of the multiple mini-interview to predict preclerkship performance in medical school. Acad Med. 2004;79(10):S40\u20132.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4183_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27808","DOI":"10.3402\/jchimp.v5.27808","volume":"5","author":"A Oluwasanjo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oluwasanjo A, Wasser T, Alweis R. Correlation between MMI performance and OSCE performance\u2013a pilot study. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2015;5(3):27808.","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect"},{"issue":"11","key":"4183_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-199411000-00015","volume":"69","author":"JN Scott","year":"1994","unstructured":"Scott JN, Markert RJ. Relationship between critical thinking skills and success in preclinical courses. Acad Med. 1994;69(11):920\u20134.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4183_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2021.11.005","volume":"105","author":"O Gr\u00f6ne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6ne O, Mielke I, Knorr M, Ehrhardt M, Bergelt C. Associations between communication OSCE performance and admission interviews in medical education. Patient Educ Couns. 2022;105(7):2270\u20135.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"3","key":"4183_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3946\/kjme.2014.26.3.223","volume":"26","author":"JK Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim JK, Kang SH, Lee HJ, Yang J, Kim JK, Kang SH, et al. Can the multiple mini-interview predict academic achievement in medical school? Korean J Med Educ. 2014;26(3):223\u20139.","journal-title":"Korean J Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4183_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891610","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2021.1891610","volume":"26","author":"KY Kok","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kok KY, Chen L, Idris FI, Mumin NH, Ghani H, Zulkipli IN, et al. Conducting multiple mini-interviews in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. Med Educ Online. 2021;26(1):1891610.","journal-title":"Med Educ Online"},{"issue":"8","key":"4183_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12224","volume":"47","author":"D Tiller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tiller D, O\u2019Mara D, Rothnie I, Dunn S, Lee L, Roberts C. Internet-based multiple mini-interviews for candidate selection for graduate entry programmes. Med Educ. 2013;47(8):801\u201310.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"4183_CR16","unstructured":"Zupanic M, Schulze-Rohr J, Nitsche J, Ostermann T, Hofmann M, Ehlers JP. Selection procedure human medicine and psychology at the University of Witten\/Herdecke: adaptation to the virtual zoom room. GMS J Med Educ.\u00a02020;37(7):Doc70."},{"issue":"8","key":"4183_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004179","volume":"96","author":"MAC Turpin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turpin MAC, Steele K, Matuk-Villazon O, Rowland K, Dayton CB, Horn KV. Rapid transition to a virtual multiple mini-interview admissions process: a new medical school\u2019s experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acad Med. 2021;96(8):1152\u20135.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4183_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3946\/kjme.2020.175","volume":"32","author":"S Yolanda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yolanda S, Wisnu W, Wahjudi JM, Findyartini A. Adaptation of internet-based multiple mini-interviews in a limited-resource medical school during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Korean J Med Educ. 2020;32(4):281.","journal-title":"Korean J Med Educ"},{"issue":"8","key":"4183_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.14207","volume":"54","author":"T Ungtrakul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ungtrakul T, Lamlertthon W, Boonchoo B, Auewarakul C. Virtual multiple mini-interview during the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Educ. 2020;54(8):764\u20135.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"8","key":"4183_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004179","volume":"96","author":"MA Carroll Turpin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carroll Turpin MA, Steele K, Matuk-Villazon O, Rowland K, Dayton CB, Horn KV. Rapid transition to a virtual multiple mini-interview admissions process: a new medical school\u2019s experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acad Med. 2021;96(8):1152\u20135.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4183_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2020.1762851","volume":"42","author":"J Cleland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cleland J, Chu J, Lim S, Low J, Low-Beer N, Kwek TK. COVID 19: Designing and conducting an online mini-multiple interview (MMI) in a dynamic landscape. Med Teach. 2020;42(7):776\u201380.","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"3","key":"4183_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-013-9480-6","volume":"19","author":"T Oliver","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oliver T, Hecker K, Hausdorf PA, Conlon P. Validating MMI scores: are we measuring multiple attributes? Adv Health Sci Educ. 2014;19(3):379\u201392.","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ"},{"issue":"21","key":"4183_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.36914","volume":"308","author":"KW Eva","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eva KW, Reiter HI, Rosenfeld J, Trinh K, Wood TJ, Norman GR. Association between a medical school admission process using the multiple mini-interview and national licensing examination scores. JAMA. 2012;308(21):2233\u201340.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"4183_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/1052562921990065","volume":"46","author":"J Carden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carden J, Jones RJ, Passmore J. Defining self-awareness in the context of adult development: a systematic literature review. J Manag Educ. 2022;46(1):140\u201377.","journal-title":"J Manag Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4183_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2008.05.004","volume":"19","author":"R Steinmayr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steinmayr R, Spinath B. The importance of motivation as a predictor of school achievement. Learn Individ Differ. 2009;19(1):80\u201390.","journal-title":"Learn Individ Differ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4183_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2005.11.004","volume":"34","author":"B Spinath","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spinath B, Spinath FM, Harlaar N, Plomin R. Predicting school achievement from general cognitive ability, self-perceived ability, and intrinsic value. Intelligence. 2006;34(4):363\u201374.","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"4183_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iglesia Gdl, Solano AC. Academic achievement of college students: The role of the positive personality model. Problems of Education in the 21st Century. 2019;77(5):572\u201383.","DOI":"10.33225\/pec\/19.77.572"},{"issue":"1","key":"4183_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.86.1.148","volume":"86","author":"N Kuncel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kuncel N, Hezlett S, Ones D. Academic achievement, career potential, creativity, and job achievement: Can one construct predict them all. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004;86(1):148\u201361.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4183_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2012.01.003","volume":"22","author":"BB de Koning","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Koning BB, Loyens SM, Rikers RM, Smeets G, van der Molen HT. Generation Psy: Student characteristics and academic achievement in a three-year problem-based learning bachelor program. Learn Individ Differ. 2012;22(3):313\u201323.","journal-title":"Learn Individ Differ"},{"issue":"6","key":"4183_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200406000-00021","volume":"79","author":"KW Eva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eva KW, Reiter HI, Rosenfeld J, Norman GR. The relationship between interviewers\u2019 characteristics and ratings assigned during a multiple mini-interview. Acad Med. 2004;79(6):602\u20139.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"4183_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosalanejad L, Ebrahimi A-M, Tafvizi M, Zarifsanaiey N. A constructive blended approach to ethical reasoning: the impact on medical students\u2019 reflection and learning. Shiraz E-Med J.\u00a02020;21(7):e96510.","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.96510"},{"issue":"6","key":"4183_CR32","first-page":"120","volume":"12","author":"T Domes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Domes T, Bueckert S, Tetyurenko G, Hall D, Ironside A, Stobart K. Conducting a synchronous virtual multiple mini-interview using Webex for medical school admissions. Can Med Educ J. 2021;12(6):120\u20132.","journal-title":"Can Med Educ J"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04183-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04183-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04183-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T16:04:37Z","timestamp":1679933077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04183-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04183-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2325719\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval to conduct the study was provided by the Institute of Health Science Research Ethics Committee and University Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Brunei Darussalam (ERC# UBD\/PAPRSBIHSREC\/2021\/85). The study was carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations as stipulated by the Institute of Health Science Research Ethics Committee and University Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Brunei Darussalam. All experimental protocols were approved by the Institute of Health Science Research Ethics Committee and University Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the need for written informed consent from participants was waived by the Institute of Health Science Research Ethics Committee and University Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Brunei Darussalam.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"187"}}