{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T15:17:07Z","timestamp":1776525427614,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014584","name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Point-of-care Ocular Ultrasound (POCOUS) has gained importance in emergency medicine and intensive care in recent years. This work aimed to establish and evaluate a dedicated ultrasound education program for learning POCOUS-specific skills during medical studies at a university hospital.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The blended learning-based program (6 teaching units) based on recent scientific publications and recommendations was developed for students in the clinical part of their medical studies. Experts and trainers consisted of physicians from the Ear-Nose-Throat, radiology, ophthalmology and neurology specialties as well as university educational specialists. Lecture notes containing digital video links for preparation was produced as teaching material. In total, 33 students participated in the study. The education program, including the teaching materials, motivation and subjective gain in competency, was evaluated with the aid of a questionnaire (7-point Likert response format). Objective learning success was assessed on the basis of pre- and post-tests. These covered the skill areas: \u201canatomical basics\u201d, \u201cultrasound basics\u201d, \u201cunderstanding of cross-sectional images\u201d, \u201cnormal findings\u201d and \u201cpathology recognition\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the objective assessment of image interpretation, the participants improved significantly (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) from pre- to post-test with a large effect size (Cohen\u2019s d\u2009=\u20091.78, effect size r\u2009=\u20090.66). The evaluations revealed a high level of satisfaction with the course concept, teaching materials and the tutors. In addition, a high level of motivation was recorded in relation to continuing to study \u201cultrasound diagnostics\u201d and \u201cophthalmologic diseases\u201d. A significant (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) positive gain was also achieved in terms of the subjective assessment of competency. This covers areas such as expertise, sonographic anatomy and performing a POCOUS examination as well as recognizing retinal detachment, globe perforation and increased optic nerve sheath diameter.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results of this feasibility study show that medical students accept and support a POCOUS-specific education program and are able to develop a higher objective and subjective level of competency. Future transfer to other sites and larger groups of participants seems feasible.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04723-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T14:02:24Z","timestamp":1696341744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development and evaluation of a point-of-care ocular ultrasound curriculum for medical students - a proof-of-concept study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Johannes Matthias","family":"Weimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Rink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Lauff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"St\u00e4uber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian R.","family":"Reder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Buggenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Bellh\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Kloeckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"K\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther M.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"W\u00fcrde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1246-3519","volume":"59","author":"R Welle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Welle R, Seufferlein T, Kratzer W. [Current state of under- and postgraduate education in abdominal ultrasonography at german university hospitals. A panel study over 20 years]. Z Gastroenterol. 2021;59(3):225\u201340.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4723_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2016.8.31387","volume":"17","author":"JS Rempell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rempell JS, Saldana F, DiSalvo D, Kumar N, Stone MB, Chan W, et al. Pilot Point-of-care Ultrasound Curriculum at Harvard Medical School: early experience. West J Emerg Med. 2016;17(6):734\u201340.","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"4723_CR3","unstructured":"Wolf R, Geuthel N, Gnatzy F, Rotzoll D. Studentische Ultraschallausbildung an deutschsprachigen medizinischen Fakult\u00e4ten: eine umfrage. GMS J Med Educ. 2019;36(4)."},{"key":"4723_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swamy M, Searle RF. Anatomy teaching with portable ultrasound to medical students. BMC Med Education. 2012.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-12-99"},{"issue":"6","key":"4723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.180","volume":"3","author":"J Ivanusic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ivanusic J, Cowie B, Barrington M. Undergraduate student perceptions of the use of ultrasonography in the study of living anatomy. Anat Sci Educ. 2010;3(6):318\u201322.","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04062-1","volume":"23","author":"J Weimer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weimer J, Rolef P, M\u00fcller L, Bellh\u00e4user H, G\u00f6bel S, Buggenhagen H, et al. FoCUS cardiac ultrasound training for undergraduates based on current national guidelines: a prospective, controlled, single-center study on transferability. BMC Med Educ. 2023;23(1):80.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"4723_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758255","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.758255","volume":"8","author":"F Recker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Recker F, Barth G, Lo H, Haverkamp N, Nurnberg D, Kravchenko D, et al. Students\u2019 perspectives on curricular Ultrasound Education at German Medical Schools. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:758255.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4723_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31827c562d","volume":"88","author":"DP Bahner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bahner DP, Royall NA. Advanced ultrasound training for fourth-year medical students: a novel training program at the Ohio State University College of Medicine. Acad Med. 2013;88(2):206\u201313.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4723_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.07080","volume":"35","author":"VA Dinh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dinh VA, Lakoff D, Hess J, Bahner DP, Hoppmann R, Blaivas M, et al. Medical Student Core Clinical Ultrasound Milestones: a Consensus among Directors in the United States. J Ultrasound Med. 2016;35(2):421\u201334.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-015-0035-3","volume":"7","author":"RA Hoppmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoppmann RA, Rao VV, Bell F, Poston MB, Howe DB, Riffle S, et al. The evolution of an integrated ultrasound curriculum (iUSC) for medical students: 9-year experience. Crit Ultrasound J. 2015;7(1):18.","journal-title":"Crit Ultrasound J"},{"key":"4723_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahner DP, Adkins EJ, Hughes D, Barrie M, Boulger CT, Royall NA. Integrated medical school ultrasound: development of an ultrasound vertical curriculum. Crit Ultrasound J. 2013.","DOI":"10.1186\/2036-7902-5-6"},{"key":"4723_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kameda T, Taniguchi N, Konno K, Koibuchi H, Omoto K, Itoh K. Ultrasonography in undergraduate medical education: a comprehensive review and the education program implemented at Jichi Medical University. J Med Ultrason (2001). 2022;49(2):217 \u2013 30.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-021-01178-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1611-1","volume":"19","author":"N Celebi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Celebi N, Griewatz J, Malek NP, Krieg S, Kuehnl T, Muller R, et al. Development and implementation of a comprehensive ultrasound curriculum for undergraduate medical students - a feasibility study. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):170.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-022-01296-3","volume":"13","author":"U Teichgr\u00e4ber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teichgr\u00e4ber U, Ingwersen M, Ehlers C, Mentzel HJ, Redies C, Stallmach A, et al. Integration of ultrasonography training into undergraduate medical education: catch up with professional needs. Insights Imaging. 2022;13(1):150.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"4723_CR15","first-page":"e30002","volume":"14","author":"Z Boivin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boivin Z, Carpenter S, Lee G, Chimileski B, Harrison J, Choudhary D, et al. Evaluation of a required Vertical Point-of-care Ultrasound Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Students. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30002.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"4723_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22224","volume":"43","author":"U Blackstock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blackstock U, Munson J, Szyld D. Bedside ultrasound curriculum for medical students: report of a blended learning curriculum implementation and validation. J Clin Ultrasound. 2015;43(3):139\u201344.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"issue":"8","key":"4723_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16504","DOI":"10.2196\/16504","volume":"22","author":"A Vall\u00e9e","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9e A, Blacher J, Cariou A, Sorbets E. Blended learning compared to traditional learning in Medical Education: systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(8):e16504.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4723_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/016146811311500307","volume":"115","author":"B Means","year":"2013","unstructured":"Means B, Toyama Y, Murphy R, Baki M. The effectiveness of online and blended learning: a Meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Teachers Coll Record. 2013;115(3):1\u201347.","journal-title":"Teachers Coll Record"},{"key":"4723_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2021.101994","volume":"87","author":"M Theobald","year":"2021","unstructured":"Theobald M, Bellh\u00e4user H, Imhof M. Deadlines don\u2019t prevent cramming: course instruction and individual differences predict learning strategy use and exam performance. Learn Individual Differences. 2021;87:101994.","journal-title":"Learn Individual Differences"},{"issue":"3","key":"4723_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.12.059","volume":"78","author":"AH Mahnken","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mahnken AH, Baumann M, Meister M, Schmitt V, Fischer MR. Blended learning in radiology: is self-determined learning really more effective? Eur J Radiol. 2011;78(3):384\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4723_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.05006","volume":"35","author":"AT Chiem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiem AT, Soucy Z, Dinh VA, Chilstrom M, Gharahbaghian L, Shah V, et al. Integration of Ultrasound in Undergraduate Medical Education at the California Medical Schools: a discussion of Common Challenges and Strategies from the UMeCali experience. J Ultrasound Med. 2016;35(2):221\u201333.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"4723_CR22","first-page":"1160","volume":"34","author":"L Szarpak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szarpak L, Trustzewski Z. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of paramedics regarding optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasonography. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34:1160\u20131.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4723_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.08005","volume":"36","author":"C Boulger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boulger C, Adams DZ, Hughes D, Bahner DP, King A. Longitudinal Ultrasound Education Track Curriculum Implemented within an Emergency Medicine Residency Program. J Ultrasound Med. 2017;36(6):1245\u201350.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4723_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1366113","volume":"35","author":"M Ertl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ertl M, Barinka F, Torka E, Altmann M, Pfister K, Helbig H, et al. Ocular color-coded sonography - a promising tool for neurologists and intensive care physicians. Ultraschall Med. 2014;35(5):422\u201331.","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4723_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.06.040","volume":"49","author":"VS Tayal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tayal VS, Neulander M, Norton HJ, Foster T, Saunders T, Blaivas M. Emergency department sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter to detect findings of increased intracranial pressure in adult head injury patients. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;49(4):508\u201314.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4723_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.02.012","volume":"34","author":"E Komut","year":"2016","unstructured":"Komut E, Kozaci N, Sonmez BM, Yilmaz F, Komut S, Yildirim ZN, et al. Bedside sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter as a predictor of intracranial pressure in ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34(6):963\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4723_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114907","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114907","volume":"9","author":"P Czorlich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Czorlich P, Burkhardt T, Knospe V, Richard G, Vettorazzi E, Wagenfeld L, et al. Ocular ultrasound as an easy applicable tool for detection of Terson\u2019s syndrome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e114907.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"4723_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v4.i10.344","volume":"4","author":"FM Abu-Zidan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abu-Zidan FM, Balac K, Bhatia CA. Surgeon-performed point-of-care ultrasound in severe eye trauma: report of two cases. World J Clin Cases. 2016;4(10):344\u201350.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1208-1482","volume":"42","author":"F Farina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farina F, Vosko MR, Baracchini C, Ermani M, Sommer P, Greisenegger S, et al. Ultrasound Examination of the pupil - a New Tool for the Neuro-Ophthalmological. Assess Ultraschall Med. 2021;42(1):84\u201391.","journal-title":"Assess Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4723_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15864","volume":"41","author":"JS Abramowicz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abramowicz JS, Adhikari S, Dickman E, Estroff JA, Harris GR, Nomura J, et al. Ocular ultrasound: review of Bioeffects and Safety, including fetal and point of Care Perspective: review of Bioeffects and Safety, including fetal and point-of-care perspective. J Ultrasound Med. 2022;41(7):1609\u201322.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4723_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1246-5984","volume":"41","author":"B Hoffmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoffmann B, Schafer JM, Dietrich CF. Emergency Ocular Ultrasound - Common Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Emergencies diagnosed with Bedside Ultrasound. Ultraschall Med. 2020;41(6):618\u201345.","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4723_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.001","volume":"63","author":"A Chronopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chronopoulos A, Ong JM, Thumann G, Schutz JS. Occult globe rupture: diagnostic and treatment challenge. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018;63(5):694\u20139.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4723_CR33","unstructured":"MFT Medizinischer Fakult\u00e4tentag der Bundesrepublik Deutschland e.V. Nationaler Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog Medizin Version 2.0 2021 [cited 2023 18.04.]. Available from: http:\/\/www.nklm.de\/."},{"key":"4723_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoppmann RA, Mladenovic J, Melniker L, Badea R, Blaivas M, Montorfano M et al. International consensus conference recommendations on ultrasound education for undergraduate medical students. Ultrasound J. 2022;14(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-022-00279-1"},{"issue":"9596","key":"4723_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","volume":"370","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370(9596):1453\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4723_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871957","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.871957","volume":"9","author":"E H\u00f6hne","year":"2022","unstructured":"H\u00f6hne E, Recker F, Dietrich CF, Sch\u00e4fer VS. Assessment Methods in Medical Ultrasound Education. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:871957.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1699-7473","volume":"43","author":"V Cantisani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cantisani V, Jenssen C, Dietrich CF, Ewertsen C, Piscaglia F. Clinical practice Guidance and Education in Ultrasound: evidence and experience are two sides of one coin! Ultraschall Med. 2022;43(1):7\u201311.","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"4723_CR38","unstructured":"DEGUM e. V. \u00dcber die DEGUM Degum.de2023 [cited 2023 06.07.]. Available from: https:\/\/www.degum.de\/die-gesellschaft\/ueber-die-degum.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02057-w","volume":"20","author":"T Puthiaparampil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puthiaparampil T, Rahman MM. Very short answer questions: a viable alternative to multiple choice questions. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):141.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"4723_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-021-00578-8","volume":"25","author":"F Lazarow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lazarow F, Deal AK, Shaves SC, Knapp B, Byars D, Goodmurphy CW, et al. Evaluation of a point-of-care ultrasound curriculum and ocular phantom in residency training. J Ultrasound. 2022;25(2):259\u201363.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04511-x","volume":"23","author":"J Weimer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weimer J, Dionysopoulou A, Strelow K-U, Buggenhagen H, Weinmann-Menke J, Dirks K, et al. Undergraduate ultrasound training: prospective comparison of two different peer assisted course models on national standards. BMC Med Educ. 2023;23(1):513.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4723_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040661","volume":"13","author":"JM Weimer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weimer JM, Rink M, M\u00fcller L, Dirks K, Ille C, Bozzato A, et al. Development and Integration of DOPS as formative tests in Head and Neck Ultrasound Education: Proof of Concept Study for exploration of perceptions. Diagnostics. 2023;13(4):661.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"4723_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9040104","volume":"9","author":"JM Weimer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weimer JM, Widmer N, Strelow K-U, Hopf P, Buggenhagen H, Dirks K, et al. Long-term effectiveness and sustainability of integrating peer-assisted Ultrasound Courses into Medical School - A prospective study. Tomography. 2023;9(4):1315\u201328.","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"issue":"10","key":"4723_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.14.12045","volume":"34","author":"VA Dinh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dinh VA, Dukes WS, Prigge J, Avila M. Ultrasound Integration in Undergraduate Medical Education: comparison of Ultrasound Proficiency between trained and untrained medical students. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34(10):1819\u201324.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1176-0622","volume":"43","author":"M Hofer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hofer M, Kamper L, Heussen N, Martin O, Heverhagen J. Influence of clinical expertise between clinician-instructors Versus Student-Instructors on the effectiveness of Ultrasound Courses. Ultraschall Med. 2022;43(1):58\u201363.","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"4723_CR46","unstructured":"Muller A, Schmidt F, Pfeiffer N, Brill A, Prokosch V. [Evaluation of a user habit-based ophthalmologic e-learning platform]. Ophthalmologe. 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"4723_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/0846537120944821","volume":"72","author":"KE Darras","year":"2021","unstructured":"Darras KE, Spouge RJ, de Bruin ABH, Sedlic A, Hague C, Forster BB. Undergraduate Radiology Education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of teaching and learning strategies [Formula: see text]. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2021;72(2):194\u2013200.","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4723_CR48","first-page":"933","volume":"162","author":"BR Stockwell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stockwell BR, Stockwell MS, Cennamo M, Jiang E. Blended Learn Improves Sci Educ Cell. 2015;162(5):933\u20136.","journal-title":"Blended Learn Improves Sci Educ Cell"},{"key":"4723_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang SY, Yoo J, Park S, Jo IJ, Kim S, Cho H et al. Online learning versus Hands-On Learning of Basic Ocular Ultrasound Skills: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Med (Kaunas). 2022;58(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070960"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1275-2","volume":"18","author":"A Mullen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mullen A, Kim B, Puglisi J, Mason NL. An economical strategy for early medical education in ultrasound. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):169.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"4723_CR51","unstructured":"Rommelfanger G, Samland M. [Good surgeons need a balance]. Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb). 2022:1\u20136."},{"issue":"8","key":"4723_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-019-0975-5","volume":"58","author":"J Skutella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skutella J. [Shortage of young physicians as an opportunity and challenge for further development of urology]. Urologe A. 2019;58(8):931\u20132.","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"key":"4723_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klapdor R, Kleine M, Schilling T, Huusmann S, Philippeit A, Philippeit J et al. SOCIUS Mentoring-A Novel Course to encourage students for a Career as Surgical Oncologists. Med Sci (Basel). 2022;10(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci10030035"},{"issue":"11","key":"4723_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-020-01079-5","volume":"117","author":"A Muller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muller A, Pfeiffer N, Schmidt F, Prokosch V. [A microsurgical wet lab for medical students increases interest in ophthalmology]. Ophthalmologe. 2020;117(11):1087\u201391.","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02314-y","volume":"20","author":"R Nour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nour R, Jobling K, Mayer A, Babikir S. How does participation in a voluntary prize exam affect medical students\u2019 knowledge and interest in ENT, plastic surgery, ophthalmology and dermatology? BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):387.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04723-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04723-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04723-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T17:15:36Z","timestamp":1700414136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04723-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04723-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The approval for the study was waived by the local ethics committee of the State medical association of Rhineland-Palatinate (\u201cEthik-Kommission der Landes\u00e4rztekammer Rheinland-Pfalz\u201d, Mainz, Germany). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed written consent was obtained from all the participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"723"}}