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This study explored the coverage of education and training of TBI-induced hypopituitarism in general and GHD in particular, in postgraduate program curricula to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An online survey and qualitative interviews (focus groups) were conducted among endocrinology, neurology, and physiatry postgraduate program directors in the United States (US). The study received an IRB exemption.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 419 fellowship and residency programs were invited to participate; 60 program directors completed the survey and 11 of these participated in the focus groups. About half of the respondents considered TBI-induced hypopituitarism important or fairly important to include in the curriculum, and nearly two-thirds considered it an appropriate training component. Neurology program directors considered education regarding hypopituitarism following TBI less important and relevant for their curricula compared with endocrinology and physiatry program directors. About half (53%) of the programs responded that they included TBI-induced pituitary disorders in their curricula. About two-thirds (68%) of endocrinology programs, compared with only one-quarter (25%) of neurology programs, covered TBI-induced pituitary disorders. Respondents identified multiple barriers to expanding hypopituitarism following TBI in the curriculum, including the rarity of condition and lack of time\/room in the curriculum. Respondents reported that consensus clinical guidelines and the availability of more data on TBI-induced hypopituitarism, including GHD, would greatly impact the development of educational curricula on this topic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To improve the management of TBI-induced hypopituitarism, education and training should be expanded in US fellowship and residency programs to prepare trainees to effectively screen, diagnose, and treat TBI-induced hypopituitarism, including GHD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05027-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T16:02:33Z","timestamp":1704902553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Coverage of education and training of traumatic brain injury-induced growth hormone deficiency in US residency and fellowship programs: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicky","family":"Kelepouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Adiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C. 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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The surveys were conducted in accordance with the principles and guidelines established by the Office for Human Research Protections, the Insights Association Code of Standards and Ethics, and the Declaration of Helsinki. Respondents reviewed information about the purpose and nature of the survey. Respondents selected a yes\/no option indicating informed consent to participate in the study prior to entering the screening portion of the survey. If they consented, they continued to the survey questions. Respondents could discontinue the survey at any time.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Javier C\u00e1rdenas is a consultant for the National Football League. Kevin C.J. Yuen has received research grants to Barrow Neurological Institute from Crinetics, Ascendis, Corcept, and Amryt; served as an occasional advisory board member for Novo Nordisk, Ascendis, Corcept, Ipsen, Amryt, Crinetics, Recordati and Xeris; and served as an occasional speaker for Corcept, Novo Nordisk and Recordati. Nicky Kelepouris and Radhika Adiga are employed by, and own stock in, Novo Nordisk Inc., which sponsored this research.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"53"}}