{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:36:15Z","timestamp":1788453375794,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Freiburg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cricothyrotomy is an invasive and rare emergency intervention to secure the airway in a \u201ccannot intubate, cannot ventilate\u201d situation. This leads to lack of routine. Cricothyrotomy is performed only hesitantly. Therefore, we aim to improve teaching by including a virtual reality (VR) cricothyrotomy as a learning tool.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We programmed the VR cricothyrotomy in the C# programming language on the open-source Unity platform. We could include 149 students that we randomly assigned to either a study group (VR cricothyrotomy) or control group (educational video). We asked the study group to subjectively rate the VR cricothyrotomy. To evaluate our intervention (VR cricothyrotomy) we took the time participants needed to perform a cricothyrotomy on a plastic model of a trachea and evaluated the correct procedural steps.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The majority of students that performed the VR simulation agreed that they improved in speed (81%) and procedural steps (92%). All participants completed the cricothyrotomy in 47s\u2009\u00b1\u200916s and reached a total score of 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 of 9 possible points. We saw no significant difference in time needed to perform a cricothyrotomy between study and control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, the total score of correct procedural steps was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Virtual reality is an innovative learning tool to improve teaching of emergency procedures. The VR cricothyrotomy subjectively and objectively improved correct procedural steps. Digitized education fills an educational gap between pure haptic experience and theoretical knowledge. This is of great value when focusing on extension of factual knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DRKS00031736, registered on the 20th April 2023.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05133-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T12:02:08Z","timestamp":1707998528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Virtual reality cricothyrotomy - a case-control study on gamification in emergency education"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Speck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Merk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flayyih","family":"O","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Widder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Everad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Offergeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"5133_CR1","first-page":"316","volume":"60","author":"A Timmermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Timmermann A, B\u00f6ttiger B, Byhahn C, D\u00f6rges V, Eich C, Gr\u00e4sner J, Hoffmann F, Hossfeld B, Landsleitner B, Piepho T, Noppens R, Russo S, Wenzel V, Zwi\u00dfler B, Berhard M. S1-Leitlinie: Pr\u00e4hospitales Atemwegsmanagement (Kurzfassung). An\u00e4sthesie Intensivmedizin. 2019;60:316\u201336.","journal-title":"An\u00e4sthesie Intensivmedizin"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"5133_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00384","volume":"180","author":"SG Schauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schauer SG, Bellamy MA, Mabry RL, Bebarta VS. A comparison of the incidence of cricothyrotomy in the deployed setting to the emergency department at a level 1 military trauma center: a descriptive analysis. Mil Med. 2015;180(3 Suppl):60\u20133.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"5133_CR3","unstructured":"Deterding S, Khaled R, Nacke LE, Dixon D. Gamification: Toward a Definition. 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