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Dental undergraduates and residents are expected to have a solid understanding of ECC for children\u2019s oral health promotion. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and clinical practice on ECC among dental undergraduates and residents in China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 23-item electronic questionnaire was distributed to 598 dental undergraduates (4th- and 5th-year undergraduates) and residents (1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-year residents) at the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China (in April\u2013May 2023). SPSS Statistics was used to analyze the data using the Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 422 questionnaires were completed by participants (recovery rate: 70.6%) from various academic levels. Around 77.3% of participants had heard of ECC (mainly from textbooks), and only 27.5% considered themselves familiar with it. Residents (79.8%) had higher risk awareness of ECC on children\u2019s overall health than undergraduates (58.3%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but only 54.0% of participants correctly defined ECC. Most participants had a positive understanding of ECC\u2019s pathogenic factors and preventive measures, including feeding patterns (71.6%), fluoride application (93.4%), and teeth cleaning (93.1%). Furthermore, only 50.2% of participants encountered ECC cases in clinic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite having a suboptimal level of ECC-related knowledge and practice, dental undergraduates and residents in China demonstrated a more positive attitude towards its etiology-based prevention. Strengthening ECC education, guidance, and practice may enable them to gain a better understanding of ECC learning, which would benefit children\u2019s oral health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05188-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T18:01:51Z","timestamp":1709575311000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice on early childhood caries among dental undergraduates and residents in China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangtai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5188_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03268.x","volume":"59","author":"TF Drury","year":"1999","unstructured":"Drury TF, Horowitz AM, Ismail AI, Maertens MP, Rozier RG, Selwitz RH. 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