{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:59:27Z","timestamp":1781189967018,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ40834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Degree and Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Central South University","award":["2023YJSKS027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YJSKS027"]}]},{"name":"Degree and Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Central South University","award":["2023YJSKS027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YJSKS027"]}]},{"name":"Degree and Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Central South University","award":["2023JGB066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JGB066"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Educational Teaching Reform Project of Central South University","award":["2023jy105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023jy105"]}]},{"name":"Degree and Graduate Education Reform Project of Hunan Province","award":["2023JGYB054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JGYB054"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019081","name":"Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JJ40833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ40833"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Suture knotting is the basis of surgical skills. In the process of surgical skills learning, the surrounding environment, especially the light, will affect the efficiency of learning. This study investigated the effect of optical environment on the learning of stitching and knotting skills.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 44 medical students were randomly divided into four groups and participated in the study of suture knotting in four different optical environments. During the process, we assess objective pressure level by testing salivary amylase activity Likert scale and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was used to estimate the subjective psychological state and overall skill mastery in surgical suturing respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Under high illumination conditions (700\u00a0lx), the salivary amylase activity of the high color temperature group (6000\u00a0K) was significantly higher than that of the low color temperature group (4000\u00a0K) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Similarly, under low illumination (300\u00a0lx), the salivary amylase activity of the high color temperature group was also significantly higher than that of the low color temperature group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The student under high illumination conditions (700\u00a0lx) and the low color temperature (6000\u00a0K) have an autonomy score between 37\u201345, which is significantly higher compared to the other three groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Group 2 has an average OSCE score of 95.09, which were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>High illumination combined with low color temperature is considered as the optimal training conditions, promoting trainees' optimism, reducing stress levels, and enhancing learning efficiency. These results highlight the pivotal role of light environment in improving the quality and efficiency of surgical skills training.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05407-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T09:01:56Z","timestamp":1713258116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Light environment affects the efficiency of surgical suture training"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengxiao","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5407_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Doc48","DOI":"10.3205\/zma001630","volume":"40","author":"S Dasci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dasci S, Schrem H, Oldhafer F, Beetz O, Kleine-D\u00f6pke D, Vondran F, Beneke J, Sarisin A, Ramackers W. Learning surgical knot tying and suturing technique - effects of different forms of training in a controlled randomized trial with dental students. GMS J Med Educ. 2023;40(4):Doc48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3205\/zma001630. PMID: 37560044; PMCID: PMC10407582.","journal-title":"GMS J Med Educ."},{"issue":"9","key":"5407_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v6.i9.436","volume":"6","author":"S Shaharan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shaharan S, Neary P. Evaluation of surgical training in the era of simulation. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;6(9):436\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4253\/wjge.v6.i9.436. PMID:25228946;PMCID:PMC4163726.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"5407_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051398","volume":"11","author":"M Cau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cau M, Sandoval J, Arguel A, Breque C, Huet N, Cau J, Laribi MA. Toward Optimal Learning of the Gesture in Laparoscopic Surgery: Methodology and Performance. J Clin Med. 2022;11(5):1398.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11051398PMID:35268489;PMCID:PMC8911446.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"5407_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sopen.2023.07.020","volume":"6","author":"K Wijesinghe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wijesinghe K, Lunuwila S, Gamage H, Gooneratne T, Munasinghe BNL, Harikrishanth S, Nandasena M, Perera N, Jayarajah U. Medical students\u2019 perception and attitudes on operating theatre learning experience in Sri Lanka. Surg Open Sci. 2023;6(15):12\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sopen.2023.07.020. PMID:37601891;PMCID:PMC10433003.","journal-title":"Surg Open Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5407_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa.18.117","volume":"18","author":"H Noguchi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Noguchi H, Sakaguchi T. Effect of illuminance and color temperature on lowering of physiological activity. Appl Human Sci. 1999;18(4):117\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2114\/jpa.18.117. PMID: 10510514.","journal-title":"Appl Human Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5407_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2114\/ahs1983.11.533","volume":"11","author":"H Mukae","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mukae H, Sato M. The effect of color temperature of lighting sources on the autonomic nervous functions. Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1992;11(5):533\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2114\/ahs1983.11.533. PMID: 1418171.","journal-title":"Ann Physiol Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5407_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2114\/ahs1983.11.37","volume":"11","author":"T Deguchi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Deguchi T, Sato M. The effect of color temperature of lighting sources on mental activity level. Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1992;11(1):37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2114\/ahs1983.11.37. PMID: 1567518.","journal-title":"Ann Physiol Anthropol"},{"key":"5407_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00994480.1990.10747937","volume":"19","author":"RG Davis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Davis RG, Ginthner DN. Correlated Color Temperature, Illuminance Level, and the Kruithof Curve. J Illum Eng Soc. 1990;19:27\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00994480.1990.10747937.","journal-title":"J Illum Eng Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"5407_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081744","volume":"10","author":"K \u0141o\u015b","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u0141o\u015b K, Waszkiewicz N. Biological Markers in Anxiety Disorders. J Clin Med. 2021;10(8):1744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10081744. PMID:33920547;PMCID:PMC8073190.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5407_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.4.601","volume":"130","author":"SC Segerstrom","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segerstrom SC, Miller GE. Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol Bull. 2004;130(4):601\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.130.4.601. PMID:15250815;PMCID:PMC1361287.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"5407_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.09.005","volume":"105","author":"V Behringer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Behringer V, Deschner T, M\u00f6stl E, Selzer D, Hohmann G. Stress affects salivary alpha-Amylase activity in bonobos. Physiol Behav. 2012;105(2):476\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.09.005. Epub 2011 Sep 14 PMID: 21945369.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"5407_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041217","volume":"17","author":"B Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun B, Zhang Q, Cao S. Development and Implementation of a Self-Optimizable Smart Lighting System Based on Learning Context in Classroom. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17041217. PMID:32070046;PMCID:PMC7068364.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5407_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.02.013","volume":"89","author":"P Barrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barrett P, Davies F, Zhang Y, Barrett L. The impact of classroom design on pupils\u2019 learning: Final results of a holistic, multi-level analysis. Build Environ. 2015;89:118\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.02.013.","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"5407_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5455\/jcme.20181013060753","volume":"9","author":"FF Ngwira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ngwira FF, Kamwaza M, Rashid S, Boby G, Kadzakumanja G. Medical and allied health students\u2019 self-regulated learning: the interplay between motivational beliefs and learning strategies. J Contemp Med Edu. 2019;9(1):1\u20131.","journal-title":"J Contemp Med Edu."},{"issue":"1","key":"5407_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04035-4","volume":"23","author":"DP Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen DP, Chang SW, Burgess A, Tang B, Tsao KC, Shen CR, Chang PY. Exploration of the external and internal factors that affected learning effectiveness for the students: a questionnaire survey. BMC Med Educ. 2023;23(1):49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04035-4. PMID:36690973;PMCID:PMC9868504.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-024-05407-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-024-05407-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-024-05407-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T09:03:46Z","timestamp":1713258226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12909-024-05407-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-024-05407-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (LYF2023127). And informed consent was obtained from all subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"415"}}