{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:22:08Z","timestamp":1789402928466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022jyxm1693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022jyxm1693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022jyxm1694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022jyxm1694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022xskc103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xskc103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018jyxm1280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018jyxm1280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Case-based learning (CBL) methods have gained prominence in medical education, proving especially effective for preclinical training in undergraduate medical education. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart disease characterized by four malformations, presenting a challenge in medical education due to the complexity of its anatomical pathology. Three-dimensional printing (3DP), generating physical replicas from data, offers a valuable tool for illustrating intricate anatomical structures and spatial relationships in the classroom. This study explores the integration of 3DP with CBL teaching for clinical medical undergraduates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sixty senior clinical medical undergraduates were randomly assigned to the CBL group and the CBL-3DP group. Computed tomography imaging data from a typical TOF case were exported, processed, and utilized to create four TOF models with a color 3D printer. The CBL group employed CBL teaching methods, while the CBL-3DP group combined CBL with 3D-printed models. Post-class exams and questionnaires assessed the teaching effectiveness of both groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CBL-3DP group exhibited improved performance in post-class examinations, particularly in pathological anatomy and TOF imaging data analysis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Questionnaire responses from the CBL-3DP group indicated enhanced satisfaction with teaching mode, promotion of diagnostic skills, bolstering of self-assurance in managing TOF cases, and cultivation of critical thinking and clinical reasoning abilities (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings underscore the potential of 3D printed models to augment the effectiveness of CBL, aiding students in mastering instructional content and bolstering their interest and self-confidence in learning.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The fusion of CBL with 3D printing models is feasible and effective in TOF instruction to clinical medical undergraduates, and worthy of popularization and application in medical education, especially for courses involving intricate anatomical components.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05583-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:02:22Z","timestamp":1716595342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Integration of case-based learning and three-dimensional printing for tetralogy of fallot instruction in clinical medical undergraduates: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kepin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangle","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huachun","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"5583_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60657-7","volume":"374","author":"C Apitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Apitz C, Webb GD, Redington AN. Tetralogy of Fallot. Lancet. 2009;374:1462\u201371.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5583_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-022-00137-9","volume":"8","author":"RM Ghosh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghosh RM, Jolley MA, Mascio CE, Chen JM, Fuller S, Rome JJ, et al. Clinical 3D modeling to guide pediatric cardiothoracic surgery and intervention using 3D printed anatomic models, computer aided design and virtual reality. 3D Print Med. 2022;8:11.","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"5583_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02778-6","volume":"21","author":"R Chakrabarti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chakrabarti R, Wardle K, Wright T, Bennie T, Gishen F. Approaching an undergraduate medical curriculum map: challenges and expectations. 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