{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:08:15Z","timestamp":1792116495100,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06222-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:02:54Z","timestamp":1730365374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development and reliability and validity testing of a medication literacy scale for medical college students"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zeng","family":"Leixiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun","family":"Xiaonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Lutong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu","family":"Wenjing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tang","family":"Jingqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dai","family":"Wenting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8567-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Xiuqin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9607-313X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Yibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6222_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/004947559002000303","volume":"20","author":"R Laing","year":"1990","unstructured":"Laing R. Rational drug use: an unsolved problem. Trop Doct. 1990;20(3):101\u20133.","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"issue":"7","key":"6222_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aprim.2014.11.001","volume":"47","author":"P Soler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soler P, Colet P, Yahni CZ, AM GP. Establishment of knowledge, attitudes and opinions of general population about rational use of medicines. Aten Primaria. 2015;47(7):446\u201355.","journal-title":"Aten Primaria"},{"issue":"11","key":"6222_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040498","volume":"170","author":"GR Baker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baker GR, Norton PG, Flintoft V, Blais R, Brown A, Cox J, Etchells E, Ghali WA, H\u00e9bert P, Majumdar SR. The Canadian adverse events study: the incidence of adverse events among hospital patients in Canada. CMAJ. 2004;170(11):1678\u201386.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"6222_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103785","volume":"113","author":"J Gentizon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gentizon J, Hirt J, Jaques C, Lang PO, Mabire C. Instruments assessing medication literacy in adult recipients of care: a systematic review of measurement properties. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;113:103785.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"6222_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2024.231488","volume":"25","author":"M Kartal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kartal M, Emul M. Skeletal editing: a Novel Method for Psychiatric Drug flipping to produce New, Precise ones with fewer Side effects. Alpha Psychiatry. 2024;25(1):111.","journal-title":"Alpha Psychiatry"},{"key":"6222_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01774-9","volume":"18","author":"A Hodkinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hodkinson A, Tyler N, Ashcroft DM, Keers RN, Khan K, Phipps D, Abuzour A, Bower P, Avery A, Campbell S. Preventable medication harm across health care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2020;18:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6222_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000374","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2020-000374","volume":"9","author":"I Agaku","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agaku I, Odani S, Nelson J. Medical use and misuse of psychoactive prescription medications among US youth and young adults. Fam Med Community Health. 2021;9(1):e000374.","journal-title":"Fam Med Community Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"6222_CR8","first-page":"229","volume":"51","author":"M Mart\u00ednez-Le\u00f3n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Le\u00f3n M, Carballo J, P\u00e9rez-Jover V. Prevalence and risk factors for misuse of prescription psychotropic drug in patients with severe mental illness: a systematic review. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2023;51(5):229.","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"6222_CR9","first-page":"782","volume":"29","author":"Y Meng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meng Y, Sha M, Yue F, Wu Y, Li J. Analysis on rational drug using knowledge among urban in Fengtai District of Beijing City. Chin J Health Educ. 2013;29:782\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin J Health Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"6222_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000205","volume":"15","author":"H-C Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang H-C, Wang C-H, Chen P-C, Lee Y-D. Bibliometric analysis of medication errors and adverse drug events studies. J Patient Saf. 2019;15(2):128\u201334.","journal-title":"J Patient Saf"},{"key":"6222_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.569092","volume":"11","author":"Z Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen Z, Shi S, Ding S, Zhong Z. Mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between medication literacy and medication adherence among patients with hypertension. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:569092.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6222_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e231","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2012.11264","volume":"52","author":"JA Sauceda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sauceda JA, Loya AM, Sias JJ, Taylor T, Wiebe JS, Rivera JO. Medication literacy in Spanish and English: psychometric evaluation of a new assessment tool. J Am Pharmacists Association. 2012;52(6):e231\u2013240.","journal-title":"J Am Pharmacists Association"},{"key":"6222_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raynor DK. Addressing medication literacy: a pharmacy practice priority.\u00a0Int J Pharm Pract. 2010;17(5):257\u20139.","DOI":"10.1211\/ijpp.17.05.0001"},{"issue":"7","key":"6222_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13070720","volume":"13","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Zheng F, Guo Y, Luo A. Medication literacy in a cohort of Chinese patients discharged with acute coronary syndrome. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(7): 720.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"6222_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189199","volume":"12","author":"C-H Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee C-H, Chang F-C, Hsu S-D, Chi H-Y, Huang L-J, Yeh M-K. Inappropriate self-medication among adolescents and its association with lower medication literacy and substance use. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(12): e0189199.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"6222_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"H Emad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Emad H. Addressing medication literacy in diabetic geriatrics. J Diabetes Metab. 2012;3(3):1\u20133.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"6222_CR17","first-page":"225","volume":"24","author":"WY Zhang Qingxia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Qingxia WY, Li X, Wang Y. Medication safety panel in China Core Group of international network for the rational use of drugs, Chinese Pharmacological society professional com. Annual report of national monitoring network for clinical safe medication (2021). Adverse Drug React J. 2022;24(5):225\u201332.","journal-title":"Adverse Drug React J"},{"issue":"12","key":"6222_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.5214","volume":"174","author":"J Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang P, Wang X, Zheng Y, Xiao Y. Use and prescription of antibiotics in primary health care settings in China. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(12):1914\u201320.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"6222_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0965","volume":"31","author":"Y Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li Y, Xu J, Wang F, Wang B, Liu L, Hou W, Fan H, Tong Y, Zhang J, Lu Z. Overprescribing in China, driven by financial incentives, results in very high use of antibiotics, injections, and corticosteroids. Health Aff. 2012;31(5):1075\u201382.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"Winter","key":"6222_CR20","first-page":"26","volume":"3","author":"CI Dumitrascu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dumitrascu CI, Mannes PZ, Gamble LJ, Selzer JA. Substance use among physicians and medical students. Med Student Res J. 2014;3(Winter):26\u201335.","journal-title":"Med Student Res J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6222_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12173","volume":"24","author":"MR Oreskovich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oreskovich MR, Shanafelt T, Dyrbye LN, Tan L, Sotile W, Satele D, West CP, Sloan J, Boone S. The prevalence of substance use disorders in American physicians. Am J Addictions. 2015;24(1):30\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Addictions"},{"issue":"1","key":"6222_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392824","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2017.1392824","volume":"22","author":"EE Ayala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ayala EE, Roseman D, Winseman JS, Mason HR. Prevalence, perceptions, and consequences of substance use in medical students. Med Educ Online. 2017;22(1):1392824.","journal-title":"Med Educ Online"},{"issue":"5","key":"6222_CR23","first-page":"202","volume":"51","author":"AMS Molina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Molina AMS, G\u00f3mez-Sierra FJ, Ruiz JF, Jim\u00e9nez-Fern\u00e1ndez S, Domenech PG, Garc\u00eda-Jim\u00e9nez J, Guti\u00e9rrez-Rojas L. Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of medical students. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2023;51(5):202.","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"6222_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.5455\/ijmsph.2014.130720141","volume":"3","author":"DK Dhodi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhodi DK, Patil KC, Bhagat SB. A study to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of prescription drug abuse among medical students and resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai: Aquestionnaire based study. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2014;3(10):1254\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"6222_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2024.241515","volume":"25","author":"H Jahrami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jahrami H, Saif Z, Trabelsi K, Ghazzawi H, Pandi-Perumal SR, Seeman MV. An Umbrella Review and a Meta-analysis of Meta-analyses of disordered eating among medical students. Alpha Psychiatry. 2024;25(2):165.","journal-title":"Alpha Psychiatry"},{"key":"6222_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-004-0765-1","volume":"39","author":"Y Akvardar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Akvardar Y, Demiral Y, Ergor G, Ergor A. Substance use among medical students and physicians in a medical school in Turkey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2004;39:502\u20136.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6222_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2017.11.005","volume":"14","author":"A Pouliot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pouliot A, Vaillancourt R, Stacey D, Suter P. Defining and identifying concepts of medication literacy: an international perspective. Res Social Administrative Pharm. 2018;14(9):797\u2013804.","journal-title":"Res Social Administrative Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"6222_CR28","first-page":"153","volume":"36","author":"R Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao R, Li B, Zhou G, Xiao Y. Investigation on drug use safety literacy and its influencing factors among 3 college students in Guangzhou. Chin Health Educ. 2020;36(2):153\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin Health Educ"},{"key":"6222_CR29","first-page":"450","volume":"6","author":"Z Li-li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li-li Z. Investigation on current situation of students\u2019 knowledge of safe drug use in a college in Hefei City. Chin J School Doctor. 2020;6:450\u20132.","journal-title":"Chin J School Doctor"},{"issue":"8","key":"6222_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13655","volume":"47","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Duan T, Lai Y, Wang X, Yang L, Su X, Wang H, Guo Y, Zhu L, Jia M. Status of medication literacy and its related factors among undergraduate students in Shanxi Province, China: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022;47(8):1201\u201311.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"6222_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1891\/1061-3749.22.2.213","volume":"22","author":"CS Stilley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stilley CS, Terhorst L, Flynn WB, Fiore RM, Stimer ED. Medication health literacy measure: development and psychometric properties. J Nurs Meas. 2014;22(2):213\u201322.","journal-title":"J Nurs Meas"},{"issue":"1","key":"6222_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15220-x","volume":"23","author":"D Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu D, Shi Y, Pan L, Duan Q, Huang N, Liu P, Han J, Liu Z, Li J, Liu H. Assessment of an instrument scale measuring the knowledge of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):278.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"6222_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12569","volume":"20","author":"YC Yeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yeh YC, Lin HW, Chang EH, Huang YM, Chen YC, Wang CY, Liu JW, Ko Y. Development and validation of a Chinese medication literacy measure. Health Expect. 2017;20(6):1296\u2013301.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"6222_CR34","volume-title":"The assessment of medication literacy for patients with hypertension","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhong Z. The assessment of medication literacy for patients with hypertension. Hunan: Central South University; 2017."},{"key":"6222_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.976691","volume":"9","author":"N Qin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin N, Duan Y, Yao Z, Shi S, Liu H, Li X, Zheng F, Zhong Z. Psychometric properties and validation of the revised Chinese Medication Literacy Scale for hypertensive patients (C-MLSHP-R). Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9: 976691.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6222_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14490","volume":"87","author":"LLN Pantuzza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pantuzza LLN, do Nascimento E, Botelho SF, Martins MAP, de Souza Groia Veloso RC, do Nascimento MMG, Vieira LB, Reis AMM. Mapping the construct and measurement of medication literacy: a scoping review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;87(3):754\u201375.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6222_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2018.04.031","volume":"14","author":"M Vervloet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vervloet M, Van Dijk L, Rademakers JJ, Bouvy ML, De Smet PA, Philbert D, Koster ES. Recognizing and addressing limited PHarmaceutical literacy: development of the RALPH interview guide. Res Soc Admin Pharm. 2018;14(9):805\u201311.","journal-title":"Res Soc Admin Pharm"},{"key":"6222_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pantuzza LLN, do Nascimento E, Crepalde-Ribeiro K, Botelho SF, Martins MAP, Veloso RCSG, do, Nascimento MMG, Vieira LB, Reis AMM. Medication literacy: a conceptual model. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022;18(4):2675\u20132682.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.06.003"},{"issue":"3","key":"6222_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/15.3.259","volume":"15","author":"D Nutbeam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promot Int. 2000;15(3):259\u201367.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"6222_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1932","volume":"31","author":"H Ishikawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ishikawa H, Takeuchi T, Yano E. Measuring functional, communicative, and critical health literacy among diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(5):874\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"6222_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-013-0340-z","volume":"18","author":"M Suka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suka M, Odajima T, Kasai M, Igarashi A, Ishikawa H, Kusama M, Nakayama T, Sumitani M, Sugimori H. The 14-item health literacy scale for Japanese adults (HLS-14). Environ Health Prev Med. 2013;18:407\u201315.","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"6222_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02298","volume":"9","author":"EA Zijlmans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zijlmans EA, Tijmstra J, Van der Ark LA, Sijtsma K. Item-score reliability as a selection tool in test construction. Front Psychol. 2019;9:2298.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6222_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 1951;16(3):297\u2013334.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"6222_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2023.221038","volume":"24","author":"MF \u00d6ns\u00fcz","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6ns\u00fcz MF, Oktar D, Gedik SA, Sungur S, Metinta\u015f S, K\u00f6\u015fger F, Alt\u0131n\u00f6z AE. Development and Validation of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Induced Perceived stigmatization in Physicians Scale. Alpha Psychiatry. 2023;24(4):138.","journal-title":"Alpha Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"6222_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428116656239","volume":"19","author":"E Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho E. Making reliability reliable: a systematic approach to reliability coefficients. Organizational Res Methods. 2016;19(4):651\u201382.","journal-title":"Organizational Res Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"6222_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20199","volume":"30","author":"DF Polit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30(4):459\u201367.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"6222_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaiser HF. A second generation little jiffy. 1970.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291817"},{"issue":"4","key":"6222_CR48","first-page":"547","volume":"70","author":"MS Bartlett","year":"1950","unstructured":"Bartlett MS. Tests of significance in factor analysis. British journal of psychology. 1950;70(4):547\u201357.","journal-title":"British J Psychol"},{"key":"6222_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fornell C, Larcker DF. Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: algebra and statistics. In: Sage publications. Sage CA: Los Angeles; 1981.","DOI":"10.2307\/3150980"},{"issue":"1","key":"6222_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.3.1.68","volume":"3","author":"L Gaston","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gaston L. Reliability and criterion-related validity of the California Psychotherapy Alliance scales\u2014patient version. Psychol Assessment: J Consulting Clin Psychol. 1991;3(1):68.","journal-title":"Psychol Assessment: J Consulting Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6222_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.126.3.237","volume":"126","author":"BS Everitt","year":"1975","unstructured":"Everitt BS. Multivariate analysis: the need for data, and other problems. Br J Psychiatry. 1975;126(3):237\u201340.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"6222_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659613493440","volume":"24","author":"R Khalaila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khalaila R. Translation of questionnaires into Arabic in cross-cultural research: techniques and equivalence issues. J Transcult Nurs. 2013;24(4):363\u201370.","journal-title":"J Transcult Nurs"},{"issue":"12","key":"6222_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12223","volume":"8","author":"M White","year":"2022","unstructured":"White M. Sample size in quantitative instrument validation studies: a systematic review of articles published in Scopus, 2021. Heliyon. 2022;8(12):e12223.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"6222_CR54","first-page":"204","volume":"16","author":"D Bergh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergh D. Chi-squared test of fit and sample size-a comparison between a random sample approach and a chi-square value adjustment method. J Appl Meas. 2015;16(2):204\u201317.","journal-title":"J Appl Meas"},{"issue":"6","key":"6222_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60297-7","volume":"106","author":"C-I Teng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Teng C-I, Ing C-K, Chang H-Y, Chung K-P. Development of service quality scale for surgical hospitalization. J Formos Med Assoc. 2007;106(6):475\u201384.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"44","key":"6222_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.20.44.41.s56","volume":"20","author":"P Roberts","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roberts P, Priest H. Reliability and validity in research. Nurs Standard. 2006;20(44):41\u20136.","journal-title":"Nurs Standard"},{"issue":"1","key":"6222_CR57","first-page":"2401","volume":"12","author":"I Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed I, Ishtiaq S. Reliability and validity: importance in medical research. Methods. 2021;12(1):2401\u20136.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"6222_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253588","volume":"16","author":"M Jaam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaam M, Naseralallah LM, Hussain TA, Pawluk SA. Pharmacist-led educational interventions provided to healthcare providers to reduce medication errors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(6): e0253588.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6222_CR59","unstructured":"Trochim WM, Donnelly JP: Research methods knowledge base, vol. 2: Atomic dog publishing Cincinnati, OH; 2001."},{"issue":"4","key":"6222_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040957","volume":"52","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1955","unstructured":"Cronbach LJ, Meehl PE. Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychol Bull. 1955;52(4):281.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"6222_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.767917","volume":"13","author":"H Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H, Li H, Teuwen DE, Sylvia S, Shi H, Rozelle S, Yi H. Irrational use of medicine in the treatment of presumptive asthma among rural primary care providers in southwestern China. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13: 767917.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6222_CR62","first-page":"433","volume":"23","author":"TC Davis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davis TC, Crouch MA, Long SW, Jackson RH, Bates P, George RB, Bairnsfather LE. Rapid assessment of literacy levels of adult primary care patients. Fam Med. 1991;23(6):433\u20135.","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6222_CR63","first-page":"113","volume":"22","author":"HT Akbayram","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akbayram HT. Medical Faculty Students\u2019 views on Euthanasia: does it change with Medical Education? Alpha Psychiatry. 2021;22(2):113.","journal-title":"Alpha Psychiatry"},{"key":"6222_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00536.x","volume":"21","author":"S Kripalani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kripalani S, Henderson LE, Chiu EY, Robertson R, Kolm P, Jacobson TA. Predictors of medication self-management skill in a low-literacy population. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21:852\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6222_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.34172\/jech.2023.2214","volume":"10","author":"C An","year":"2023","unstructured":"An C, Wang Y, Feng B, Zhang J, Hou R, Huang X, Zhu Z, Sun X, Wu Y. Relationship between medication literacy, health literacy, and medication behavior among medical school students: a cross-sectional study. J Educ Community Health. 2023;10(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Educ Community Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"6222_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462313000457","volume":"29","author":"C Pagotto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pagotto C, Varallo F, Mastroianni P. Impact of educational interventions on adverse drug events reporting. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2013;29(4):410\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-024-06222-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-024-06222-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-024-06222-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:05:49Z","timestamp":1730365549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12909-024-06222-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-024-06222-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Health Culture Research Center, the key research base of Philosophy and Social Science in Shaanxi province. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1238"}}