{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:34:55Z","timestamp":1789472095103,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum W\u00fcrzburg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To date, no suitable model tooth has been available for all standard restorative and prosthodontic procedures. To fill this gap, a realistic multilayer tooth with enamel, dentin, integrated caries, pulp, and electrometric and X-ray imaging abilities was developed. The aim of this study was to test the printed tooth while focusing on caries excavation and pulp capping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on micro-CT data, a tooth was designed and produced via 3D printing. A total of 396 teeth were tested and evaluated by 66 fourth- and fifth-year students experienced in caries excavation at standard typodonts, extracted teeth and patients. They excavated the caries and capped the pulp on six teeth and rated them in a questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with natural teeth, the printed teeth were generally rated positively and significantly better in all criteria than typodonts used previously (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). They were rated as a suitable training option (\u00d8 2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9) with fair examination conditions (\u00d8 2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8) and easy to use (\u00d8 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8). Subjective learning success was also significantly greater (\u00d8 2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9) than that of standard typodonts (\u00d8 3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In general, the students desired more exercises with 3D-printed teeth for their studies (\u00d8 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multilayered 3D-printed teeth were successfully tested and can improve and extend the teaching methods used for caries excavation and pulp capping. Its other abilities will be tested in subsequent studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Year of the Study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06230-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T11:02:56Z","timestamp":1730372576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["3D-printed tooth for caries excavation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lisanne","family":"Carnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"del Hougne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Schmitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"H\u00f6hne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"6230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12493","volume":"62","author":"A Holden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holden A, Dracopoulos SA. 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The study received a general exemption for the usage of printed teeth in education. This was also confirmed for the use of anonymized existing scans, radiological data and extracted teeth freely donated for studies. The students signed an informed consent form to participate in the voluntary course.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript. No financial or personal relationships influenced the work reported in this manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"1243"}}