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Authorisation was also obtained from the Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lom\u00e9 (legal representative of the controlling institution), to whom we sent a letter of request for authorisation to survey medical students explaining the objectives and methodology of the study (Annex I) Ref N\u00b0 0989\/2021\/FSS\/UL. Students were assured that their participation in the survey was voluntary and anonymous. They were also assured of the confidentiality of the information provided and that all data were to be treated anonymously. Oral informed consent was obtained prior to participation. As for the minor students, a parental authorisation is necessary before their registration at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lom\u00e9. Thus the authorisation issued by the Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences for our study also concerns them. All methods were applied in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"was obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Students were assured that participation in the survey was voluntary and anonymous. They were also assured of the confidentiality of the information provided and that all data was to be treated anonymously. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"501"}}