{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T04:37:09Z","timestamp":1747802229074,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Training programs focused on dysphagia have been identified as an area needing improvement due to the specialized skills required to provide clinical care to patients with dysphagia. Globally, a lack of standardized training has been recognized and has led to the introduction of competency and training frameworks in the clinical practice of dysphagia. Previous studies have explored the experiences of students in training programs and their self-perceived competency; however, none have explored this in the Ethiopian context due to the infancy of the Speech Language Therapy (SLT) profession within this region. The objectives of this study were to explore patterns in self-perceived competency ratings for SLT students at AAU and determine the impact of clinical experiences during student training.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>First- and second-year students enrolled in the two-year SLT Master's program in Ethiopia were taught the dysphagia course in a combined class in English by visiting faculty. A modified Dysphagia Competency Verification Tool (DCVT) was used to assess self-perception of competency in dysphagia. The tool was administered in April 2024, before any dysphagia-related clinical exposure occurred and once again in May 2024, after clinical exposure to patients with dysphagia occurred. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were used for the General Skills (DCVT-GS) and Direct Patient Care (DCVT-DPC) subtests to study variations in responses for self-perceived competency. The models included covariates of sex, background in SLT, dysphagia-specific patient exposure and a repeated factor of survey timepoint.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In total, 38 responses were collected across two time points and from all 19 participants. The SLT students were mostly female (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916; 84%) with ages ranging from 21 to 46\u00a0years. The GEE model for DCVT-GS identified significant main effects of background in SLT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018), dysphagia patient exposure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019), and survey timepoint (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The GEE model for DCVT-DPC demonstrated significance for background in SLT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), dysphagia patient exposure (p\u2009=\u20090.009), and sex (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Regardless of DCVT domain, SLT graduate student clinicians were more likely to perceive themselves as \u201cadequate\u201d in their ratings at the second timepoint following clinical interactions, if they had prior SLT experience, including prior dysphagia experience. Training programs exploring dysphagia competency are encouraged to provide increased exposure to patients with dysphagia to support increased self-perceived competency scores.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07365-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T22:43:12Z","timestamp":1747780992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dysphagia education in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: student self-competency ratings during their dysphagia course"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sana","family":"Smaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trish","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"7365_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12321","volume":"52","author":"S Guthrie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guthrie S, Lancaster J, Stansfield J. Consensus-building on developing dysphagia competence: a North West of England perspective. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2017;52(6):854\u201369.","journal-title":"Int J Lang Commun Disord"},{"key":"7365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hazelwood RJ, Bouldin ED, Burford IR, Steffen EA. Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Student Clinicians\u2019 Self-Perceived Competency in Dysphagia Management. Teaching Learning Commun Sci Disord. 2022 [cited 2024 Dec 3];6(3). Available from: https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ1365347.","DOI":"10.30707\/TLCSD6.3.1664996985.113836"},{"issue":"7","key":"7365_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1044\/leader.OTP.24072019.38","volume":"24","author":"M Urban","year":"2019","unstructured":"Urban M, Hazelwood RJ. Are You Ready to Manage Dysphagia?: A new tool specifies the clinical knowledge and skills SLPs need to assess and treat dysphagia by outlining a method for documenting competency. Leader. 2019;24(7):38\u20139.","journal-title":"Leader"},{"issue":"3","key":"7365_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9691-0","volume":"31","author":"A Miles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miles A, Friary P, Jackson B, Sekula J, Braakhuis A. Simulation-Based Dysphagia Training: Teaching Interprofessional Clinical Reasoning in a Hospital Environment. Dysphagia. 2016;31(3):407\u201315.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"7365_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10239","volume":"34","author":"CM McGinnis","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGinnis CM, Homan K, Solomon M, Taylor J, Staebell K, Erger D, et al. Dysphagia: Interprofessional Management, Impact, and Patient-Centered Care. 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Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2024;22:1.","journal-title":"Int J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7365_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009535","volume":"12","author":"DG Smithard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Smithard DG, O\u2019Neill PA, England RE, Park CL, Wyatt R, Martin DF, et al. The natural history of dysphagia following a stroke. Dysphagia. 1997;12(4):188\u201393.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"9","key":"7365_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.10.029","volume":"18","author":"C Adkins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adkins C, Takakura W, Spiegel BM, Lu M, Vera-Llonch M, Williams J, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Dysphagia Based on a Population-Based Survey. 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Adv Med Educ Pract. 2018;12:433\u201341.","journal-title":"Adv Med Educ Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"7365_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1044\/sasd18.4.117","volume":"18","author":"J Sandidge","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sandidge J. The Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP): A New Standard Physiologic Approach to Swallowing Assessment and Targeted Treatment. 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Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and that their responses would be published anonymously as group data. Participants do not view the online questionnaire items until they agree to participate and click on the \u201cquestionnaire link\u201d and could opt out of the study at any time. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics\/Institutional Review Board Committees of both Addis Ababa University (Ref.No.NEURO\/051\/16) and The George Washington University (NCR245792).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"737"}}