{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:51:11Z","timestamp":1793821871885,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012940","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate periodontal treatment success in patients treated by undergraduates. The findings shall be used to gain implications for future curriculum frameworks.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 107 patients (median age 58 years, 48% female) diagnosed with stage III periodontitis who were treated by students were analyzed. Anamnestic and periodontal clinical parameters (bleeding on probing (BOP%), periodontal pocket depths (PD), plaque control record (PCR) were extracted at baseline (T0), re-evaluation (T1, median 3mth), and last SPC visit (T2, median 47mth after T0). The primary outcome was assessing the relative proportion of patients achieving specific treatment endpoints at T1 (EP1\u2009=\u2009BOP\u2009&lt;\u200920% and EP2\u2009=\u2009\u2264\u20094site with PD\u2009\u2265\u20095\u00a0mm), secondary outcomes included identification of factors influencing these specific endpoints at T1 and T2.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All parameters (BOP, PD, PCR) improved statistically significantly during step 1, 2 and 4 of periodontal therapy. In contrast, a worsening of PCR between T1 and T2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049) was observed. Achieving EP1 at T1 was achieved by 49% of al patients. It was positively affected by being female and negatively by T0 BOP (OR3.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008, OR0.95, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), EP2 at T1 was achieved by 29% of all patients and influenced by the number of PD\u2009\u2265\u20096\u00a0mm at T0 (OR0.98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). At T2 the relative proportion of patients dropped to 37%(EP1) and 26%(EP2), with EP1 significantly affected by plaque control at T2 (OR0.96, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and EP2 significantly affected by PD\u2009\u2265\u20096\u00a0mm at T1 (OR0.69, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Non-surgical therapy performed by students significantly improves periodontal outcomes in Stage III periodontitis. Particularly residual pockets and plaque seemed to affect unmet treatment targets.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07699-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T01:48:18Z","timestamp":1753926498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Student-performed periodontal therapy: retrospective cohort study on outcomes and related recommendations for enhancing undergraduate periodontal education"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Marco M.","family":"Herz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Schamuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Krumm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Bartha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7699_CR1","first-page":"S173","volume":"89","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, Flemmig TF, Garcia R, Giannobile WV, Graziani F, et al. Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and Peri-Implant diseases and conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S173\u201382.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01012-8","volume":"22","author":"AR Ahmadinia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmadinia AR, Rahebi D, Mohammadi M, Ghelichi-Ghojogh M, Jafari A, Esmaielzadeh F, Rajabi A. Association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and tooth loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):100.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"7699_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13189","volume":"47","author":"M Sanz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanz M, Marco Del Castillo A, Jepsen S, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, D\u2019Aiuto F, Bouchard P, Chapple I, Dietrich T, Gotsman I, Graziani F, et al. Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: consensus report. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(3):268\u201388.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7699_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartha V, Steinmacher S, Wittlinger R, Boutin S, Pauluschke-Fr\u00f6hlich J, von Ohle C, Brucker SY, Bruckner T, Wolff D. Gain a Baby Lose a Tooth-Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Preterm Birth? J Clin Med 2022, 11(23).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237183"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12237","volume":"78","author":"PM Bartold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bartold PM. Lifestyle and periodontitis: the emergence of personalized periodontics. Periodontol 2000. 2018;78(1):7\u201311.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"7699_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13576","volume":"49","author":"V Bartha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bartha V, Exner L, Schweikert D, Woelber JP, Vach K, Meyer AL, Basrai M, Bischoff SC, Meller C, Wolff D. Effect of the mediterranean diet on gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2022;49(2):111\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7699_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03083-9","volume":"24","author":"JMF Coelho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coelho JMF, Miranda SS, da Cruz SS, Trindade SC, Passos-Soares JS, Cerqueira EMM, Costa M, Figueiredo A, Hintz AM, Barreto ML, et al. Is there association between stress and periodontitis? Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(7):2285\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7699_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woelber JP, Reichenb\u00e4cher K, Gro\u00df T, Vach K, Ratka-Kr\u00fcger P, Bartha V. Dietary and nutraceutical interventions as an adjunct to Non-Surgical periodontal Therapy-A systematic review. Nutrients 2023, 15(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061538"},{"issue":"6","key":"7699_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12630","volume":"71","author":"T Kwon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwon T, Lamster IB, Levin L. Current concepts in the management of periodontitis. Int Dent J. 2021;71(6):462\u201376.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"7699_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13245","volume":"47","author":"J Suvan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suvan J, Leira Y, Moreno Sancho FM, Graziani F, Derks J, Tomasi C. Subgingival instrumentation for treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(Suppl 22):155\u201375.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Supp 2","key":"7699_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e095","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0095","volume":"35","author":"AN Haas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haas AN, Furlaneto F, Gaio EJ, Gomes SC, Palioto DB, Castilho RM, Sanz M, Messora MR. New tendencies in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Braz Oral Res. 2021;35(Supp 2):e095.","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7699_CR12","first-page":"Cd008676","volume":"3","author":"P James","year":"2017","unstructured":"James P, Worthington HV, Parnell C, Harding M, Lamont T, Cheung A, Whelton H, Riley P. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3(3):Cd008676.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"7699_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.08.009","volume":"73","author":"Z Brookes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brookes Z, McGrath C, McCullough M. Antimicrobial mouthwashes: an overview of Mechanisms-What do we still need to know?? Int Dent J. 2023;73(Suppl 2):S64\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"7699_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.01.021","volume":"148","author":"L da Costa","year":"2017","unstructured":"da Costa L, Amaral C, Barbirato DDS, Le\u00e3o ATT, Fogacci MF. Chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in chronic periodontitis: A meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017;148(5):308\u201318.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"7699_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13236","volume":"47","author":"GE Salvi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salvi GE, St\u00e4hli A, Schmidt JC, Ramseier CA, Sculean A, Walter C. Adjunctive laser or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to non-surgical mechanical instrumentation in patients with untreated periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(Suppl 22):176\u201398.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"7699_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13290","volume":"47","author":"M Sanz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Beglundh T, Sculean A, Tonetti MS. Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(Suppl 22):4\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR17","first-page":"7","volume":"1","author":"N Lang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lang N, Tonetti M. Periodontal risk assessment (PRA) for patients in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Oral Health Prev Dent. 2003;1(1):7\u201316.","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12447","volume":"90","author":"I Darby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Darby I. Risk factors for periodontitis & peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000. 2022;90(1):9\u201312.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"7699_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13240","volume":"47","author":"CA Ramseier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramseier CA, Woelber JP, Kitzmann J, Detzen L, Carra MC, Bouchard P. Impact of risk factor control interventions for smoking cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles in patients with periodontitis: A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(Suppl 22):90\u2013106.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7699_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515598961","volume":"94","author":"T Dietrich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dietrich T, Walter C, Oluwagbemigun K, Bergmann M, Pischon T, Pischon N, Boeing H. Smoking, smoking cessation, and risk of tooth loss: the EPIC-Potsdam study. J Dent Res. 2015;94(10):1369\u201375.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"7699_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13770","volume":"50","author":"G Agudio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agudio G, Buti J, Bonaccini D, Pini Prato G, Cortellini P. Longevity of teeth in patients susceptible to periodontitis: clinical outcomes and risk factors associated with tooth loss after active therapy and 30 years of supportive periodontal care. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50(4):520\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13721","volume":"50","author":"DSF Siow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siow DSF, Goh EXJ, Ong MMA, Preshaw PM. Risk factors for tooth loss and progression of periodontitis in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50(1):61\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7699_CR23","first-page":"41","volume":"22","author":"M Feres","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Faveri M, Duarte P, Shibli J, Soares GMS, Miranda T, Teles F, Goodson M, Hasturk H, et al. Proposal of a clinical endpoint for periodontal trials: the Treat-to-Target approach. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2020;22(2):41\u201353.","journal-title":"J Int Acad Periodontol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7699_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01245.x","volume":"35","author":"G Matuliene","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matuliene G, Pjetursson BE, Salvi GE, Schmidlin K, Bragger U, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. Influence of residual pockets on progression of periodontitis and tooth loss: results after 11 years of maintenance. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(8):685\u201395.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7699_CR25","unstructured":"Sanz M. Undergraduate education, https\/\/www.efporg\/education\/undergraduate-education\/ 2025, 2025(26 February 2025)."},{"key":"7699_CR26","unstructured":"MFT: Nationaler Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog Zahnmedizin (NKLZ): MFT Medizinischer Fakult\u00e4tentag der Bundesrepublik Deutschland e. V. 2015.http:\/\/www.nklz.de\/; accessed: 01.05.2025."},{"key":"7699_CR27","unstructured":"Approbationsordnung f\u00fcr Zahn\u00e4rzte und Zahn\u00e4rztinnen (ZApprO). 2019, 08.07.2019:08.07.2019."},{"issue":"11","key":"7699_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0099","volume":"95","author":"S Alsuwaidi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alsuwaidi S, Almatrooshi A, Shah M, Hakam A, Tawse-Smith A, Alsabeeha NHM, Atieh MA. Airflowing as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol. 2024;95(11):1048\u201359.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7699_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-161","volume":"14","author":"RA Jordan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jordan RA, Bodechtel C, Hertrampf K, Hoffmann T, Kocher T, Nitschke I, Schiffner U, Stark H, Zimmer S, Micheelis W, et al. The fifth German oral health study (Funfte Deutsche mundgesundheitsstudie, DMS V) - rationale, design, and methods. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:161.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"7699_CR30","first-page":"S4","volume":"56","author":"AR Jordan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jordan AR, Frenzel Baudisch N, Ohm C, Zimmermann F, Sasunna D, Cholmakow-Bodechtel C, Kr\u00e4mer M, Kuhr K. 6th German oral health study (DMS \u2022 6): rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Quintessence Int. 2025;56(11):S4\u201312.","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"7699_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12964","volume":"86","author":"KK Gandhi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gandhi KK, Katwal D, Chang J, Blanchard S, Shin D, Maupome G, Eckert GJ, John V. Diagnosis and treatment planning using the 2017 classification of periodontal diseases among three dental schools. J Dent Educ. 2022;86(11):1521\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2015.79.1.tb05852.x","volume":"79","author":"BA Lane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lane BA, Luepke P, Chaves E, Maupome G, Eckert GJ, Blanchard S, John V. Assessment of the calibration of periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning among dental students at three dental schools. J Dent Educ. 2015;79(1):16\u201324.","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"7699_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.018.070","volume":"82","author":"C Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee C, Kim SW. Effectiveness of a flipped classroom in learning periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning. J Dent Educ. 2018;82(6):614\u201320.","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"Suppl 27","key":"7699_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13986","volume":"51","author":"PM Preshaw","year":"2024","unstructured":"Preshaw PM, Ramseier CA, Loos BG, Bal\u010di\u016bnait\u0117 A, Crni\u0107 T, Davey K, Dommisch H, Ettmayer JB, Roberts A, Verheijck EE, et al. Contemporary educational methods in periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2024;51(Suppl 27):117\u201392.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7699_CR35","first-page":"861","volume":"123","author":"C Walter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walter C, Buset S, Thillainathan L, Weiger R, Zitzmann NU. Evaluation of periodontal therapy in undergraduate courses of the university of basle. A retrospective study. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2013;123(10):861\u201377.","journal-title":"Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR36","first-page":"11","volume":"20","author":"I Vouros","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vouros I, Konstantinidis A, Kirkou-Bata A. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy in an undergraduate dental clinic. Results one year following treatment. J Biol Buccale. 1992;20(1):11\u20137.","journal-title":"J Biol Buccale"},{"issue":"2","key":"7699_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.51847\/2LN9yazfKF","volume":"9","author":"AA Alsinaidi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alsinaidi AA. Outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy by undergraduate dental students at King Saud university, A longitudinal study. Annals Dent Specialty. 2021;9(2):22\u20136.","journal-title":"Annals Dent Specialty"},{"issue":"7","key":"7699_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00305.x","volume":"30","author":"A R\u00fchling","year":"2003","unstructured":"R\u00fchling A, K\u00f6nig J, Rolf H, Kocher T, Schwahn C, Plagmann HC. Learning root debridement with curettes and power-driven instruments. Part II: clinical results following mechanical, nonsurgical therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30(7):611\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7699_CR39","first-page":"311","volume":"19","author":"MP Alvarez-Azaustre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alvarez-Azaustre MP, Bravo M, Magan-Fernandez A, Rodriguez-Archilla A, Llena C, Mesa F. Periodontal treatment by dental undergraduate students: assessment of the patient\u2019s oral quality of Life - A prospective pilot study. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021;19:311\u20139.","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"7699_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13991","volume":"51","author":"E Figuero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Figuero E, G\u00fcrsoy M, Monnet-Corti V, Iniesta M, Antezack A, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Graetz C, Vered Y, Stavropoulos A, Wilensky A, et al. Domains, competences and learning outcomes for undergraduate education in periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2024;51(Suppl):38\u201354.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7699_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1975.tb01734.x","volume":"2","author":"SE Hamp","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hamp SE, Nyman S, Lindhe J. Periodontal treatment of multirooted teeth. Results after 5 years. J Clin Periodontol. 1975;2(3):126\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7699_CR42","first-page":"11","volume":"10","author":"J Lindhe","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lindhe J, Nyman S. The role of occlusion in periodontal disease and the biological rationale for splinting in treatment of periodontitis. Oral Sci Rev. 1977;10:11\u201343.","journal-title":"Oral Sci Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1972.43.1.38","volume":"43","author":"TJ O\u2019Leary","year":"1972","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE. The plaque control record. J Periodontol. 1972;43(1):38.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7699_CR44","first-page":"666","volume":"53","author":"V Bartha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bartha V, Mohr J, Krumm B, Herz MM, Wolff D, Petsos H. Minimal periodontal basic care - no surgery, no antibiotics, low adherence. What can be expected? A retrospective data analysis. Quintessence Int. 2022;53(8):666\u201375.","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"7699_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herz MM, Braun S, Hoffmann N, Lachmann S, Bartha V, Petsos H. Treating periodontitis strictly Non-Surgically-A retrospective Long-Term analysis of tooth loss during supportive periodontal care. Dent J (Basel) 2025, 13(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13040146"},{"issue":"6","key":"7699_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13957","volume":"51","author":"MM Herz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herz MM, Hoffmann N, Braun S, Lachmann S, Bartha V, Petsos H. Periodontal pockets: predictors for site-related worsening after non-surgical therapy-A long-term retrospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol. 2024;51(6):680\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7699_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.5.749","volume":"76","author":"B Ehmke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ehmke B, Moter A, Beikler T, Milian E, Flemmig TF. Adjunctive antimicrobial therapy of periodontitis: long-term effects on disease progression and oral colonization. J Periodontol. 2005;76(5):749\u201359.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.1.169","volume":"75","author":"T Beikler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beikler T, Prior K, Ehmke B, Flemmig TF. Specific antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis\u2013a proposed strategy. J Periodontol. 2004;75(1):169\u201375.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7699_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13965","volume":"51","author":"B Holtfreter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holtfreter B, Kuhr K, Borof K, Tonetti MS, Sanz M, Kornman K, Jepsen S, Aarabi G, Volzke H, Kocher T, et al. ACES: A new framework for the application of the 2018 periodontal status classification scheme to epidemiological survey data. J Clin Periodontol. 2024;51(5):512\u201321.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7699_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bumm CV, Schwendicke F, Pitchika V, Heck K, Walter E, Ern C, Heym R, Werner N, Folwaczny M. Effectiveness of nonsurgical re-instrumentation: Tooth-related factors. J Periodontol 2024.","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0178"},{"key":"7699_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liss A, Abrahamsson KH, Welander M, Tomasi C. Effectiveness of nonsurgical re-instrumentation of residual pockets as step 3 of periodontal therapy: A field study. J Periodontol 2025.","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0532"},{"issue":"6","key":"7699_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.02.014","volume":"54","author":"FRM Leite","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Scheutz F, L\u00f3pez R. Effect of smoking on periodontitis: A systematic review and Meta-regression. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(6):831\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"7699_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woelber JP, Bartha V, Baumgartner S, Tennert C, Schlagenhauf U, Ratka-Kruger P, Vach K. Is diet a determining factor in the induction of gingival inflammation by dental plaque?? A secondary analysis of clinical studies. Nutrients 2024, 16(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16070923"},{"issue":"4","key":"7699_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.016.003","volume":"81","author":"C Ayn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ayn C, Robinson L, Nason A, Lovas J. Determining recommendations for improvement of communication skills training in dental education: A scoping review. J Dent Educ. 2017;81(4):479\u201388.","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"7699_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.2009.00586.x","volume":"14","author":"JA Carey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carey JA, Madill A, Manogue M. Communications skills in dental education: a systematic research review. Eur J Dent Educ. 2010;14(2):69\u201378.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"7699_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.01.003","volume":"74","author":"C Zhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhan C, Qu W, Fok MR, Jin L, Lin Y. Motivational interviewing on periodontal treatment outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Int Dent J. 2024;74(4):669\u201378.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"8","key":"7699_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13813","volume":"50","author":"C Marruganti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marruganti C, Romandini M, Gaeta C, Cagidiaco EF, Discepoli N, Parrini S, Graziani F, Grandini S. Healthy lifestyles are associated with a better response to periodontal therapy: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50(8):1089\u2013100.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7699_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marruganti C, Luthra S, Hussain SB, Suvan J, D\u2019Aiuto F. Healthy lifestyles and better periodontal health: results from two large population-based surveys. J Periodontal Res 2024.","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13320"},{"issue":"8","key":"7699_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04501-1","volume":"26","author":"MM Herz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herz MM, Celebi N, Bruckner T, Bartha V. Influence on the patient\u2019s oral hygiene depending on the treatment performed by either one or different pre-graduate practitioners - a randomized, controlled, clinical short-term trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(8):5339\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"8","key":"7699_CR60","first-page":"831","volume":"67","author":"AAP","year":"1996","unstructured":"AAP. Systemic antibiotics in periodontics. J Periodontol. 1996;67(8):831\u20138.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"7699_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.2801123.x","volume":"28","author":"J Slots","year":"2002","unstructured":"Slots J, Jorgensen MG. Effective, safe, practical and affordable periodontal antimicrobial therapy: where are we going, and are we there yet? Periodontol 2000. 2002;28:298\u2013312.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"7","key":"7699_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2727-0","volume":"23","author":"B Pretzl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pretzl B, S\u00e4lzer S, Ehmke B, Schlagenhauf U, Dannewitz B, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Jockel-Schneider Y. Administration of systemic antibiotics during non-surgical periodontal therapy-a consensus report. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(7):3073\u201385.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"7699_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01626.x","volume":"16","author":"AJ van Winkelhoff","year":"1989","unstructured":"van Winkelhoff AJ, Rodenburg JP, Goen\u00e9 RJ, Abbas F, Winkel EG, de Graaff J. Metronidazole plus Amoxycillin in the treatment of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1989;16(2):128\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7699_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12441","volume":"42","author":"I Harks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harks I, Koch R, Eickholz P, Hoffmann T, Kim TS, Kocher T, Meyle J, Kaner D, Schlagenhauf U, Doering S, et al. Is progression of periodontitis relevantly influenced by systemic antibiotics? A clinical randomized trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(9):832\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7699_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.01.028","volume":"146","author":"CJ Smiley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smiley CJ, Tracy SL, Abt E, Michalowicz BS, John MT, Gunsolley J, Cobb CM, Rossmann J, Harrel SK, Forrest JL, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis by means of scaling and root planing with or without adjuncts. J Am Dent Assoc. 2015;146(7):508\u2013e524505.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"7699_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aremu TO, Oluwole OE, Adeyinka KO, Schommer JC. Medication adherence and compliance: recipe for improving patient outcomes. Pharm (Basel) 2022, 10(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy10050106"},{"key":"7699_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pristianty L, Kurniati VL, Hidayati IR. Knowledge and attitude: two fundamental factors that determine patient compliance in antibiotic therapy. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020, 30(6).","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2019-0321"},{"issue":"4","key":"7699_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.01.008","volume":"46","author":"S Tong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tong S, Pan J, Lu S, Tang J. Patient compliance with antimicrobial drugs: A Chinese survey. Am J Infect Control. 2018;46(4):e25\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"7699_CR69","first-page":"198","volume":"95","author":"A Klingenberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klingenberg A, Brand T, Andres E, Kaufmann-Kolle P, Wambach V, Szecsenyi J. Was Wissen patienten \u00dcber antibiotika, und Wie H\u00e4ufig erwarten Sie deren verordnung?? Z F\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin. 2019;95(5):198\u2013202.","journal-title":"Z F\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin"},{"issue":"4","key":"7699_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-020-09523-3","volume":"23","author":"I Rao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rao I, Shaham A, Yavneh A, Kahana D, Ashlagi I, Brandeau ML, Yamin D. Predicting and improving patient-level antibiotic adherence. Health Care Manag Sci. 2020;23(4):507\u201319.","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"7699_CR71","first-page":"30","volume":"73","author":"MN O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Donoghue MN. Compliance with antibiotics. Cutis. 2004;73(5 Suppl):30\u20132.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"2","key":"7699_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.23-0209","volume":"95","author":"C Marruganti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marruganti C, Gaeta C, Romandini M, Ferrari Cagidiaco E, Parrini S, Discepoli N, Grandini S. Multiplicative effect of stress and poor sleep quality on periodontitis: A university-based cross-sectional study. J Periodontol. 2024;95(2):125\u201334.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7699_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13766","volume":"50","author":"C Marruganti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marruganti C, Baima G, Grandini S, Graziani F, Aimetti M, Sanz M, Romandini M. Leisure-time and occupational physical activity demonstrate divergent associations with periodontitis: A population-based study. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50(5):559\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 27","key":"7699_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13983","volume":"51","author":"D Herrera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herrera D, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Berglundh T, Tonetti MS, Kebschull M, Sculean A, Papapanou PN, Sanz M. Consensus report of the second European consensus workshop on education in periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2024;51(Suppl 27):4\u201337.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.1.16","volume":"75","author":"T Dietrich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dietrich T, Bernimoulin JP, Glynn RJ. The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival bleeding. J Periodontol. 2004;75(1):16\u201322.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7699_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13336","volume":"47","author":"A Ravid\u00e0","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ravid\u00e0 A, Troiano G, Qazi M, Saleh MHA, Saleh I, Borgnakke WS, Wang HL. Dose-dependent effect of smoking and smoking cessation on periodontitis-related tooth loss during 10\u201347 years periodontal maintenance-A retrospective study in compliant cohort. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(9):1132\u201343.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7699_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.88","volume":"3","author":"MS Tonetti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tonetti MS. Cigarette smoking and periodontal diseases: etiology and management of disease. Ann Periodontol. 1998;3(1):88\u2013101.","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7699_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.2.93","volume":"67","author":"WB Kaldahl","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, Molvar MP, Dyer JK. Long-term evaluation of periodontal therapy: I. Response to 4 therapeutic modalities. J Periodontol. 1996;67(2):93\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-025-07699-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-025-07699-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-025-07699-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T10:44:13Z","timestamp":1757328253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12909-025-07699-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-025-07699-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tuebingen (reference number 557\/2016BO2\/19 August 2016) and registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (URL: ; ID: DRKS00025110\/10 May 2021). Informed Consent statements are not applicable for this type of study according to national regulations (\u00a7\u00a013 LDSG BW) and verified by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tuebingen. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (revised form, Fortaleza 2013).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors consent to publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":".","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1130"}}