{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T04:03:11Z","timestamp":1794110591204,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of digital learning tools in medical education. However, there is little evidence exploring how or whether such tools are being developed for family medicine curricula. We provide a narrative analysis of how the University of Ottawa\u2019s Department of Family Medicine (DFM) developed innovative learning tools using an interdisciplinary, research-based approach and Agile Scrum Methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In March 2020, the DFM created an interdisciplinary team to support development of digital tools for medical education. Members of the DFM were invited to participate in the project during two faculty-wide webinars held on May 13, 2020. Participants identified three topic areas for which digital learning tools were to be created: Choosing Wisely Canada recommendations, Hypertension, and Quality Improvement (QI). Representatives from the Faculty of Engineering were recruited to support IT development for the tools, while researchers from the Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute provided support for methodology and analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three teams developed prototypes for digital learning tools: a \u201cchoose your own adventure\u201d game to teach Choosing Wisely Canada criteria, an interactive hypertension clinic, and a \u201cQI escape room\u201d focused on quality improvement strategies. One team created a website to host learning tools, and the final team generated an evidence library for product development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adhering to these methodologies helped us to manage interdisciplinary teams and support their success, with all five teams completing their objectives. The interdisciplinary and incremental approach of Scrum methodology allowed for gaps to be identified and addressed in real time. Scrum demonstrates promise and should receive further consideration as a method for developing learning tools in medical education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-08270-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:03:26Z","timestamp":1765807406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of digital learning tools for medical education with agile scrum methodology"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Puncher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sathya","family":"Karunananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selya","family":"Amrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Archibald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Brunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Forgues-Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Helmer-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kheira","family":"Jolin-Dahel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tess","family":"McCutcheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Seale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Sethuram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Shoppoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Trincoa-Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Rezaiefar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Husseini","family":"Orabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Liddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"8270_CR1","first-page":"170","volume":"62","author":"R Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong R. Medical education during COVID-19: lessons from a pandemic. BCMJ. 2020;62(5):170\u20131.","journal-title":"BCMJ"},{"key":"8270_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colbert JA, Chokshi DA. Technology in medical Education\u2014Osler Meets Watson. J GEN INTERN MED. Dec. 2014;29(12):1584\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-014-2975-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2975-x"},{"key":"8270_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hopkins L, et al. To the point: medical education, technology, and the millennial learner. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Feb. 2018;218(2):188\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.06.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.06.001"},{"key":"8270_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edmonson SR. Technology in Primary and Secondary Medical Education, in Handbook of Research on Instructional Systems and Technology, IGI Global, 2008.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-865-9.ch023"},{"key":"8270_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nevin CR, et al. Gamification as a tool for enhancing graduate medical education. Postgrad Med J. Dec. 2014;90(1070):685\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/postgradmedj-2013-132486.","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2013-132486"},{"key":"8270_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dankbaar M. Serious games and blended learning; effects on performance and motivation in medical education. Perspect Med Educ. Feb. 2017;6(1):58\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40037-016-0320-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40037-016-0320-2"},{"key":"8270_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S139569","volume":"8","author":"RK Pettit","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pettit RK, McCoy L, Kinney M. What millennial medical students say about flipped learning. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2017;8:487\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/AMEP.S139569.","journal-title":"Adv Med Educ Pract"},{"key":"8270_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Mangold, \u201cEducating a new generation: teaching baby boomer faculty about millennial students,\u201d Nurse Educ, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 21\u201323, 2007, doi: 10.1097\/00006223-200701000-00007.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006223-200701000-00007"},{"key":"8270_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Twenge JM. Generational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching generation me. Med Educ. May 2009;43(5):398\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.2009.03310.x .","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.2009.03310.x"},{"key":"8270_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gorbanev I, et al. A systematic review of serious games in medical education: quality of evidence and pedagogical strategy. Med Educ Online. Dec. 2018;23(1):1438718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10872981.2018.1438718.","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2018.1438718"},{"key":"8270_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim HN. A conceptual framework for interdisciplinary education in engineering and nursing health informatics. Nurse Educ Today. Mar. 2019;74:91\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2018.12.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2018.12.010"},{"key":"8270_CR12","unstructured":"Beck K. Principles behind the Agile Manifesto. 2001. Accessed: Aug. 18, 2025. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/agilemanifesto.org."},{"key":"8270_CR13","unstructured":"Sliger M. Agile project management with Scrum. Project Management Institute, Oct. 11, 2011. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.pmi.org\/learning\/library\/agile-project-management-scrum-6269"},{"key":"8270_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pagels L, Eschke R-C, Luedtke K. Effectiveness of digital and analog learning methods for learning anatomical structures in physiotherapy education. BMC Med Educ. May 2024;24(1):500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-024-05484-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05484-1"},{"key":"8270_CR15","unstructured":"Choosing Wisely Canada Recommendations for Family Medicine. Choosing Wisely Canada. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/choosingwiselycanada.org\/recommendation\/family-medicine\/"},{"key":"8270_CR16","unstructured":"What is Scrum? Scrum.org. The Home of Scrum. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.scrum.org\/resources\/what-is-scrum"},{"key":"8270_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grimheden ME. Can agile methods enhance mechatronics design education? Mechatronics, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 967\u2013973, Dec. 2013, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2013.01.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2013.01.003"},{"key":"8270_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hidalgo ES. Adapting the scrum framework for agile project management in science: case study of a distributed research initiative. Heliyon. Mar. 2019;5(3):e01447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01447.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01447"},{"key":"8270_CR19","unstructured":"Iqbal M. Prioritization Techniques for the Product Owner. Scrum.org: The Home of Scrum, Aug. 28, 2023. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.scrum.org\/resources\/blog\/prioritization-techniques-product-owner"},{"key":"8270_CR20","unstructured":"Department of Family Medicine. Department of Family Medicine Innovation Portal. University of Ottawa. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/uodfm.ca."},{"key":"8270_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rabi DM, et al. Hypertension canada\u2019s 2020 comprehensive guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, risk Assessment, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children. Can J Cardiol. May 2020;36(5):596\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.02.086.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.02.086"},{"key":"8270_CR22","unstructured":"Quality Improvement. Health Quality Ontario. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.hqontario.ca\/quality-improvement"},{"key":"8270_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buljac-Samardzic M, Doekhie KD, van Wijngaarden JDH. Interventions to improve team effectiveness within health care: a systematic review of the past decade, Hum Resour Health, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 2, Jan. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12960-019-0411-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-019-0411-3"},{"key":"8270_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brouillette M. AI added to the curriculum for doctors-to-be. Nat Med. Dec. 2019;25(12):1808\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0648-3.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0648-3"},{"key":"8270_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodriguez G, Soria \u00c1, Campo M. Virtual Scrum: A teaching aid to introduce undergraduate software engineering students to scrum. Comp Applic Eng. Jan. 2015;23(1):147\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cae.21588.","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.21588"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-025-08270-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-025-08270-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-025-08270-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:03:30Z","timestamp":1765807410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12909-025-08270-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-025-08270-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"1696"}}