{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:04:24Z","timestamp":1781625864842,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014584","name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) are gradually replacing open surgical repair for aortic diseases, due to their minimally invasive nature. These procedures require a high level of expertise that is gained through extensive clinical experience, posing risks such as prolonged radiation exposure. Training on 3D-printed simulation models can offer safer environment for learning &amp; improve procedural precision &amp; outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-center study to evaluate whether training on radiation-free three-dimensional (3D) printed aortic training models can reduce the time required from vascular surgeons to complete the basic endovascular navigation tasks, such as navigating the guide wire &amp; probing the different branches. We involved 15 vascular doctors, 8 in-experienced (group1) &amp; 7-experienced (group2). Participants received a 15-min lecture on aortic interventions and guide wire handling. Two self-made 3D printed training models were used. Models either are of the entire aorta (ascending to iliacs, see model1) or thoracoabdominal aorta (model2) were used. A covering box and a camera positioned above the aortic model that mirror the intervention on a monitor, simulating the indirect vision of the intraoperative fluoroscopy. Participants were required to probe and intubate four aortic branches (two renal arteries, coeliac trunk, &amp; superior mesenteric artery) in three steps: initial assessment, 15-min training, &amp; post-training assessment (next day). Task completion times were recorded &amp; analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group1 initially required 914\u2009\u00b1\u2009420 s to intubate four ostia, which significantly decreased to 149\u2009\u00b1\u200948 s post-training (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Experts showed no significant time reductions following the training (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.443). Initial times were significantly lower for Group2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), but post-training times showed no significant difference between both groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.134).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using 3D-printed models in a simulation-training may help to familiarize &amp; train participants with endovascular aortic procedures within limited material costs, leading to significant reductions in task completion time among trainees. Additionally, a significant reduction in simulated visualization time was observed, suggesting potential for reduced fluoroscopy exposure in real procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The institutional ethics committee of the University Hospital of Mainz approved this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-08422-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:16:51Z","timestamp":1765268211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a 3D transparent aortic model as a radiation-free training simulator for basic skills of endovascular aortic interventions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ghazy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husain","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Albitar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Treede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Chaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-017-0818-5","volume":"67","author":"J Fleerakkers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fleerakkers J, Schepens M. How should we manage type B aortic dissections? Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;67(1):154\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11748-017-0818-5. Epub 2017 Aug 29. PMID: 28852959.","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"8422_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.11.069","volume":"145","author":"N Cheshire","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheshire N, Bicknell C. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair: the basics. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145(3 Suppl):S149\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.11.069. PMID: 23410772.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"8422_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s10353-023-00799-7","volume":"55","author":"M Plimon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Plimon M, Falkensammer J, Taher F, Hofmann A, Assadian A. 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(Reg. Number: 723892).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"59"}}