{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:27:28Z","timestamp":1770330448173,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-026-08571-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:45:05Z","timestamp":1767941105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burnout among dental professionals in Pakistan: a post-COVID mixed-methods study of prevalence, predictors, and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sanaa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hina","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Noureen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsin","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taha","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"8571_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.04.22.22274175","author":"EN Aiello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aiello EN, Fiabane E, Margheritti S, Magnone S, Bolognini N, Miglioretti M, et al. Psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in Italian physicians. medRxiv. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.04.22.22274175.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"4","key":"8571_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/48.4.237","volume":"48","author":"JS Felton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felton JS. Burnout as a clinical entity\u2014its importance in health care workers. Occup Med (Lond). 1998;48(4):237\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/48.4.237. PMID:9800422.","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"7","key":"8571_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-00856-7","volume":"40","author":"M \u00d6zarslan","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00d6zarslan M, Caliskan S. Attitudes and predictive factors of psychological distress and occupational burnout among dentists during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Curr Psychol. 2021;40(7):3113\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-020-00856-7.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8571_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2023.07.031","volume":"19","author":"GH Kwak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kwak GH, Baek SH, Kwak EJ. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on senior dental students in korea: examining stress, burnout, and depression. J Dent Sci. 2024;19(2):909\u201318. PMID:38618054; PMCID:PMC11011050.","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"8571_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13023","volume":"86","author":"AU Alsaggaf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsaggaf AU, Bustani M, Abid M, Hakeem FF, Abed H. Burnout assessment among academic dental staff during COVID-19: data from Arab countries. J Dent Educ. 2022;86(11):1468\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.13023. PMID:35781882; PMCID:PMC9349756.","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"8571_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj10060108","volume":"10","author":"M Antoniadou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antoniadou M. Estimation of factors affecting burnout in Greek dentists before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dent J (Basel). 2022;10(6):108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj10060108.","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"8571_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063409","volume":"19","author":"SA Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee SA, Park JE, Jang JH. Correlation between stress and anxiety to viral epidemics (SAVE) and burnout among Korean dental hygienists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19063409.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"8571_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23061","volume":"9","author":"Z Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad Z, Zaidi RZ, Fatima Z, Muhammad M, Zafar MS, Kolarkodi SH, et al. Burnout level in Pakistani dentists during COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional national study. Heliyon. 2023;9(12):e23061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23061.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"8571_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03386-8","volume":"22","author":"R Shawahna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shawahna R, Maqboul I, Ahmad O, et al. Prevalence of burnout syndrome among unmatched trainees and residents in surgical and nonsurgical specialties: a cross-sectional study from different training centers in Palestine. BMC Med Educ. 2022;22:322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-022-03386-8.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"8571_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21040435","volume":"21","author":"MS Castro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Castro MS, Meira GF, Mendes RGF, Castilho AVSS, Trench LA, Segalla CR, Vettore MV, Sales-Peres SHC. The relationship between professional variables and burnout syndrome in Brazilian dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(4):435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21040435. PMID:38673346; PMCID:PMC11050417.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"8571_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12977","volume":"28","author":"EB Hill","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hill EB, Mastny-Jensen C, Loch C. Before and after: COVID-19 impacts on dental students\u2019 well-being, clinical competency and employment opportunities. Eur J Dent Educ. 2024;28(2):522\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eje.12977. PMID:38009831.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"15","key":"8571_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4410","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154410","volume":"13","author":"M Castro-Mena","year":"2024","unstructured":"Castro-Mena M, Huamani-Echaccaya J, Yarasca-Berrocal E, Ladera-Casta\u00f1eda M, Castro-Rojas M, Aroste-And\u00eda R, Hern\u00e1ndez-Vergara C, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas C. Impact of fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety and stress on temporomandibular disorders in Peruvian dental students in the post-pandemic period: a multivariable regression analysis. J Clin Med. 2024;13(15):4410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13154410. PMID:39124676; PMCID:PMC11313219.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8571_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13423","volume":"88","author":"AD Henry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Henry AD, Salter RO, Young DL, Leavell J. Assessing burnout among early career faculty in US dental schools. J Dent Educ. 2024;88(3):295\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.13423. PMID:38124286.","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"8571_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0262195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262195","volume":"17","author":"LM Vowels","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vowels LM, Francois-Walcott RRR, Carnelley KB, Checksfield EL. Adapting to change: how has COVID-19 affected people\u2019s work and personal goals? PLoS ONE. 2022;17(2):e0262195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0262195. PMID:35113868; PMCID:PMC8812876.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"8571_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052537","volume":"19","author":"A Goriuc","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goriuc A, Sandu D, Tatarciuc M, Luchian I. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dentistry and dental education: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):2537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19052537. PMID:35270230; PMCID:PMC8909967.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"8571_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030907","volume":"17","author":"A Gragnano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gragnano A, Simbula S, Miglioretti M. Work-life balance: weighing the importance of work-family and work-health balance. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17030907. PMID:32024155; PMCID:PMC7037206.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"8571_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S275302","volume":"13","author":"S Alzahrani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alzahrani S, Alzahrani H, Alqahtani M, Alshareef A, Alzahrani A. The protective role of resilience in emotional exhaustion among dental students at clinical levels. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020;13:989\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PRBM.S275302. PMID:33223858; PMCID:PMC7670035.","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"8571_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030517","volume":"60","author":"L Ci\u011ferim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ci\u011ferim L, Orhan ZD, Do\u011fru \u0130, Kahraman NH, Hussein A, Ba\u015f H. Factors influencing burnout syndrome and depression in dentists across various institutions. Med (Kaunas). 2024;60(3):517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60030517. PMID:38541243; PMCID:PMC10971902.","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"11","key":"8571_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115645","volume":"18","author":"SAM Khalifa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khalifa SAM, Swilam MM, El-Wahed AAA, Du M, El-Seedi HHR, Kai G, Masry SHD, Abdel-Daim MM, Zou X, Halabi MF, Alsharif SM, El-Seedi HR. Beyond the pandemic: COVID-19 pandemic changed the face of life. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):5645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18115645. PMID:34070448; PMCID:PMC8197506.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"8571_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-022-4087-5","volume":"232","author":"J Puryer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Puryer J, Pemberton S, Holt R. Resilience and well-being in the dental curriculum: evaluating the effectiveness of current strategies. Br Dent J. 2022;232(5):345\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41415-022-4087-5. PMID:35178840.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"8571_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12995","volume":"50","author":"A Laidlaw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laidlaw A, McLellan J, Ozakinci G. Mentoring in medical education: evidence for benefit and support. Med Educ. 2016;50(5):425\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.12995. PMID:27038076.","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"16","key":"8571_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9411","DOI":"10.3390\/app13169411","volume":"13","author":"S Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim S, Kim J, Lee H, Kim J. Examining the influence of self-esteem and digital literacy on professional competence factors in dental education. Appl Sci (Basel). 2023;13(16):9411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13169411.","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"8571_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06198-0","volume":"24","author":"R Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah R, Kanagasingam S, Skelton J, Gallagher JE. An educational intervention to enhance self-care practices among 1st year dental students: a mixed-methods study. BMC Med Educ. 2024;24:198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-024-06198-0. PMID:39538231; PMCID:PMC11071064.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"8571_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030517","volume":"60","author":"L Ci\u011ferim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ci\u011ferim L, Orhan ZD, Do\u011fru \u0130, Kahraman NH, Hussein A, Ba\u015f H. Factors influencing burnout syndrome and depression in dentists across various institutions. Medicina. 2024;60(3):517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60030517.","journal-title":"Medicina"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-026-08571-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-026-08571-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-026-08571-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:13:50Z","timestamp":1770282830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12909-026-08571-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-026-08571-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Jinnah Sindh Medical University (Approval No: JSMU\/IRB\/2024\/849). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the participants in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable as this study does not include any individual person\u2019s data in any form (including images, videos, or case details) that requires consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"211"}}