{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:40:38Z","timestamp":1792464038053,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2410-H-011-012-MY3 and MOST 111-2410-H-011 -007 -MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2410-H-011-012-MY3 and MOST 111-2410-H-011 -007 -MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-026-10000-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:13:50Z","timestamp":1784873630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of an embodied cognitive learning-based inductive venipuncture arm simulator on nursing internship trainees\u2019 learning achievement, motivation, self-efficacy, and anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Shan-Shan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5155-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwo-Jen","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Kai","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10000_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2021.1979049","volume":"31","author":"CC Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang CC, Hwang GJ. An experiential learning-based virtual reality approach to fostering problem-resolving competence in professional training. Interact Learn Environ. 2023;31(8):4713\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2021.1979049.","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10000_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2019-0053","volume":"39","author":"G Aykal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aykal G, Esen H, Yegin A, Oz C. The results of a close follow-up of trainees to gain a good blood collection practice. J Med Biochem. 2020;39(3):355\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jomb-2019-0053.","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10000_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2021.12.004","volume":"18","author":"JS Pitman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pitman JS, Funk EM, Falyar C. Venipuncture-related lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury in primary care settings. J Nurse Pract. 2022;18(4):449\u201351.","journal-title":"J Nurse Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10000_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-1036","volume":"61","author":"J Cadamuro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cadamuro J, Simundic AM. The preanalytical phase \u2013 from an instrument-centred to a patient-centred laboratory medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2023;61(5):732\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2022-1036.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10000_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000792","volume":"20","author":"N Bochatay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bochatay N, Ju M, O\u2019Brien BC, van Schaik SM. A scoping review of interprofessional simulation-based team training programs. Simul Healthc. 2025;20(1):33\u201341.","journal-title":"Simul Healthc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10000_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/17477778.2024.2354250","volume":"19","author":"E Kar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kar E, Fakhimi M, Turner C, Eldabi T. Hybrid simulation in healthcare: a systematic exploration of models, applications, and emerging trends. J Simul. 2025;19(2):231\u201349.","journal-title":"J Simul"},{"key":"10000_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104359","volume":"87","author":"SY Kuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuo SY, Wu JC, Chen HW, Chen CJ, Hu SH. Comparison of the effects of simulation training and problem-based scenarios on the improvement of graduating nursing students to speak up about medication errors: a quasi-experimental study. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;87:104359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104359.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"10000_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2022.2141263","volume":"32","author":"CY Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang CY, Panjaburee P, Chang SC. Effects of integrating maternity VR-based situated learning into professional training on students\u2019 learning performances. Interact Learn Environ. 2024;32(5):2121\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2022.2141263.","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"key":"10000_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2019.102646","volume":"41","author":"BO Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee BO, Liang HF, Chu TP, Hung CC. Effects of simulation-based learning on nursing student competences and clinical performance. Nurse Educ Pract. 2019;41:102646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nepr.2019.102646.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10000_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000351","volume":"43","author":"VD de Souza-Junior","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Souza-Junior VD, Mendes IAC, Marchi-Alves LM, Jackman D, Wilson-Keates B, de Godoy S. Peripheral venipuncture education strategies for nursing students: an integrative literature review. J Infus Nurs. 2020;43(1):24\u201332.","journal-title":"J Infus Nurs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10000_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2019.1570279","volume":"28","author":"TH Morris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morris TH. Experiential learning - a systematic review and revision of Kolb\u2019s model. Interact Learn Environ. 2020;28(8):1064\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2019.1570279.","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"key":"10000_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2025.103080","volume":"140","author":"AC da Silveira","year":"2025","unstructured":"da Silveira AC, Sobrinho A, da Silva LD, Santos DF, Nauman M, Perkusich A. Harnessing coloured Petri nets to enhance machine learning: a simulation-based method for healthcare and beyond. Simul Model Pract Theory. 2025;140:103080.","journal-title":"Simul Model Pract Theory"},{"key":"10000_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3263","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.3685.3263","volume":"28","author":"VDD de Souza-Junior","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Souza-Junior VDD, Mendes IAC, Tori R, Marques LP, Mashuda FKK, Hirano LAF, de Godoy SD. VIDA-Nursing v1.0: immersive virtual reality in vacuum blood collection among adults. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1518-8345.3685.3263.","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10000_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13320","volume":"54","author":"M Giannakos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giannakos M, Cukurova M. The role of learning theory in multimodal learning analytics. Br J Educ Technol. 2023;54(5):1246\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13320.","journal-title":"Br J Educ Technol"},{"key":"10000_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71139","DOI":"10.2196\/71139","volume":"11","author":"SG Brouwer de Koning","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brouwer de Koning SG, Hofman A, Gerber S, Lagerburg V, van den Boorn M. Comparing the perceived realism and adequacy of venipuncture training on an in-house developed 3D-printed arm with a commercially available arm: a randomized, single-blind, cross-over study. JMIR Med Educ. 2025;11:e71139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/71139.","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10000_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006776412171","volume":"48","author":"MW Scerbo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scerbo MW, Bliss JP, Schmidt EA, Thompson SN. The efficacy of a medical virtual reality simulator for training phlebotomy. Hum Factors. 2006;48(1):72\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872006776412171.","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"issue":"12","key":"10000_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1002\/tee.23983","volume":"18","author":"A Ito","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ito A, Saito M, Kikuchi Y, Kudo Y, Mitobe K. Examination of syringe position correction support function in MR blood sampling training simulator. IEEJ Trans Electr Electron Eng. 2023;18(12):2038\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tee.23983.","journal-title":"IEEJ Trans Electr Electron Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"10000_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1309\/LMLJXDSS3F2R5BQD","volume":"41","author":"HF Wandell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wandell HF. Using a virtual reality simulator in phlebotomy training. Lab Med. 2010;41(8):463\u201366.","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10000_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X13511661","volume":"42","author":"R Lindgren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lindgren R, Johnson-Glenberg M. Emboldened by embodiment: six precepts for research on embodied learning and mixed reality. Educ Res. 2013;42(8):445\u201352.","journal-title":"Educ Res"},{"key":"10000_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Freiler TJ. Learning through the body. New Dir Adult Contin Educ. 2008;11937\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ace.304.","DOI":"10.1002\/ace.304"},{"key":"10000_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jtsb.12380","author":"J Martikainen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martikainen J, Sakki I. Sensory experiences and social representation - embodied multimodality of common-sense thinking. J Theory Soc Behav. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jtsb.12380.","journal-title":"J Theory Soc Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"10000_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31829eec0a","volume":"88","author":"C Pimmer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pimmer C, Pachler N, Genewein U. Reframing clinical workplace learning using the theory of distributed cognition. Acad Med. 2013;88(9):1239\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31829eec0a.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10000_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-04959-y","volume":"34","author":"JJ Cheung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung JJ, Kulasegaram KM, Woods NN, Brydges R. Why content and cognition matter: integrating conceptual knowledge to support simulation-based procedural skills transfer. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(6):969\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-019-04959-y.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10000_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000668448.43535.4f","volume":"50","author":"LC Kiernan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiernan LC, Olsen DM. Improving clinical competency using simulation technology. Nursing. 2020;50(7):14\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000668448.43535.4f.","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10000_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMLO.2020.110784","volume":"14","author":"N Maneejak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maneejak N, Yasri P. The uSAP model: a ubiquitous observation protocol for improving teamwork skills, time management and accuracy in high fidelity simulation among nursing students. Int J Mob Learn Organ. 2020;14(4):478\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J Mob Learn Organ"},{"key":"10000_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02657-7","volume":"24","author":"A Asiri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Asiri A, Almowafy AA, Moursy SM, Abd-Elha HA, Khalaf Ahmed SA, Abdelrahem AS, Abo Seif MT, Ahmed FA. Simulation-based training program effect on pediatric nurses\u2019 knowledge and performance regarding heel-prick during newborn blood screening test. BMC Nurs. 2025;24:110.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"10000_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03541-8","volume":"24","author":"Y Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park Y, Lee SJ, Hur Y. Facilitators, barriers, and future direction of high-fidelity simulation in nursing education: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nurs. 2025;24:881.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10000_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMLO.2022.119968","volume":"16","author":"P Seprum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seprum P, Wongwatkit C. Trends and issues of immersive learning environments in higher education from 2001 to 2020: perspectives on adaptive ubiquitous learning experiences. Int J Mob Learn Organ. 2022;16(1):95\u2013122.","journal-title":"Int J Mob Learn Organ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10000_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5219","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2021.2000435","volume":"31","author":"H Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang H, Hwang GJ, Chang SC. Facilitating decision making in authentic contexts: an SVVR-based experiential flipped learning approach for professional training. Interact Learn Environ. 2023;31(8):5219\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2021.2000435.","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10000_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633120952067","volume":"59","author":"J Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin J, Goh TT, Yang B, Xiaobin Y. Conversation technology with micro-learning: the impact of chatbot-based learning on students\u2019 learning motivation and performance. J Educ Comput Res. 2021;59(1):154\u201377.","journal-title":"J Educ Comput Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10000_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1989.10607413","volume":"60","author":"E McAuley","year":"1989","unstructured":"McAuley E, Duncan T, Tammen VV. Psychometric properties of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory in a competitive sport setting: a confirmatory factor analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1989;60(1):48\u201358.","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"10000_CR32","unstructured":"Pintrich PR, Smith DAF, Garcia T, McKeachie WJ. A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Ann Arbor (MI): National Center for Research to Improve Postsecondary Teaching and Learning; 1991. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.: ED338122."},{"key":"10000_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01730060026004","volume":"13","author":"WW Zung","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zung WW, Richards CB, Short MJ. Self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic: further validation of the SDS. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965;13:508\u201315.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10000_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.02.016","volume":"53","author":"GJ Hwang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hwang GJ, Yang TC, Tsai CC, Yang SJH. A context-aware ubiquitous learning environment for conducting complex science experiments. Comput Educ. 2009;53(2):402\u201313.","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"10000_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strauss AL. Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge University Press; 1987.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511557842"},{"issue":"3","key":"10000_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2016.037","volume":"26","author":"T Lindberg Seemann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lindberg Seemann T, Nybo M. Continuous quality control of the blood sampling procedure using a structured observation scheme. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2016;26(3):337\u201345.","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"10000_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12607","volume":"24","author":"N Makhumula-Nkhoma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Makhumula-Nkhoma N, Whittaker V, McSherry R. Level of confidence in venepuncture and knowledge in determining causes of blood sample haemolysis among clinical staff and phlebotomists. J Clin Nurs. 2015;24:370\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.12607.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10000_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2015.1057741","volume":"24","author":"CW Wei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wei CW, Lin YC, Lin YT. An interactive diagnosis approach for supporting clinical nursing courses. Interact Learn Environ. 2016;24(8):1795\u2013811.","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"key":"10000_CR39","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory","author":"A Bandura","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall; 1986."},{"issue":"2","key":"10000_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13268","volume":"54","author":"HC Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin HC, Hwang GJ, Chou KR, Tsai CK. Fostering complex professional skills with interactive simulation technology: a virtual reality-based flipped learning approach. Br J Educ Technol. 2023;54(2):622\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13268.","journal-title":"Br J Educ Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10000_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0251078","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251078","volume":"16","author":"JH Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu JH, Chang HJ, Kim SS, Park JE, Chung WY, Lee SK, Kim M, Lee HJ, Jung YJ. Effects of high-fidelity simulation education on medical students\u2019 anxiety and confidence. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(5):e0251078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0251078.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10000_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03601-6","volume":"22","author":"A Meyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyer A, Stosch C, Klatt AR, Streichert T. The impact of COVID-19 on medical students\u2019 practical skills and hygiene behavior regarding venipuncture: a case-control study. BMC Med Educ. 2022;22:558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-022-03601-6.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-026-10000-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-026-10000-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12909-026-10000-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:18:29Z","timestamp":1792462709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12909-026-10000-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-026-10000-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study received ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board of the Tri-Service General Hospital, affiliated with the National Defense Medical Center (approval code: TSGHIRB No. E202216037). Procedures were strictly aligned with applicable standards and laws, including the Declaration of Helsinki. We secured written informed consent from every participant. A confidentiality clause was included to assure participants that their data would be handled with the utmost privacy. Furthermore, it was communicated that their involvement was entirely optional.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1680"}}