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The training included visualization of ICA configurations such as straight, tortuous, kinking, and coiling patterns using computed tomography angiography data. Students were assessed before and after training using structured questionnaires evaluating anatomical understanding, usability, engagement, clinical relevance, and learning outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The scenario-based group demonstrated statistically significant improvements across all domains (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01\u20130.001). Anatomical understanding increased from 3.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92 to 4.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.78, while clinical relevance improved from 3.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.66 to 4.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64. Engagement scores rose from 3.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.88 to 4.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70. The overall experience score was higher in the simulation group (4.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64) compared to the traditional group (3.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scenario-based 3D simulation enhances clinical anatomy learning, supports spatial understanding, and improves diagnostic reasoning skills, offering a more effective alternative to traditional teaching methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-026-10076-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:54:29Z","timestamp":1785804869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From anatomy to surgical safety: scenario-based learning for internal carotid artery patterns in undergraduate education"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ozden","family":"Bedre Duygu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Figen","family":"Govsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Yagdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Duygu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Asim","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gokhan","family":"Gokmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10076_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15766\/mep_2374-8265.10824","volume":"15","author":"DS Barry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barry DS, Dent JM, Hankin M, Moyer D, Shah NL, Tuskey A, et al. 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All procedures undertaken were in strict accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. 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