{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:38:13Z","timestamp":1792787893398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xzytt36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical curricula overload necessitates efficient, self-directed learning strategies that can utilize \u2018dead time\u2019 for study. AI-generated audio offers a scalable resource for this purpose, yet evidence regarding its efficacy in low-resource settings is limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness and learner perceptions of AI-generated podcasts on learning outcomes and retention among Indian medical students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentre, quasi-experimental, mixed-methods explanatory sequential study was conducted at two geographically distinct medical colleges in India. Third-professional undergraduate MBBS students received six AI-generated, faculty-validated revision podcasts covering high-yield Community Medicine topics. Knowledge was assessed via a validated 60-item MCQ test at baseline (pre-test), immediately post-intervention, and at 30 days (delayed post-test). The intervention and assessments targeted both lower-order (remember, understand) and higher-order (apply, analyse) cognitive domains per Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy. The primary analysis employed a Linear Mixed-Effects Model (LMM) to estimate learning trajectories. Qualitative data from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were analyzed using Framework Analysis to explore mechanisms of impact and integrate findings with quantitative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analytic cohort comprised 239 participants. Both centers demonstrated statistically significant immediate learning gains (Centre 1: Cohen\u2019s d\n                      <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.42; Centre 2: Cohen\u2019s d\n                      <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.55) across all levels of cognitive domain, more so in higher domain. Retention trajectories diverged: Centre 1 showed stable retention at 30 days, while Centre 2 experienced significant knowledge decay. In multivariable analysis, higher episode completion (&gt;\u200950%) was independently associated with greater learning gain (adjusted \u03b2\u2009=\u20095.15,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) after controlling for baseline scores and centre. Qualitative integration revealed that while learners valued the tool for portability, high-intensity \u2018binge-listening\u2019 at Centre 2 aligned with the observed decay, whereas distributed usage at Centre 1 supported stability. Students identified lack of pauses and AI voice monotony as key design barriers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The robust post-test rise validates AI-generated podcasts as an effective tool for rapid revision and pre-exam preparation. While the intervention successfully augmented study time, long-term retention favored distributed over massed practice. Future AI tools should incorporate engineered pauses and improved prosody to optimize cognitive load and sustained engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-026-10080-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:34:55Z","timestamp":1785810895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ears for examinations: a multicentre quasi-experimental evaluation of AI-generated revision podcasts on learning outcomes and retention among medical students"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9204-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urvish","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2606-5905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrita","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5432-8026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aparajita","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2756-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheetal","family":"Shrimali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3840-4138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naba Kumar","family":"Bezbaruah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3571-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay Kini","family":"B","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3347-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Baisil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeel","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9832-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pragya","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2107-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuti","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2011.550965","volume":"33","author":"SJ Durning","year":"2011","unstructured":"Durning SJ, Artino AR. 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The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Narendra Modi Medical College, Ahmedabad (Reference: NaMoMC\/IRB\/2025\/241). The study was additionally reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (TRIHMS), Naharlagun (IEC Reference: IEC\/2026\/008). Administrative permission to conduct the study at the TRIHMS site was also obtained from the Office of the Dean\/Director (Reference: Dean\/TRIHMS\/2026). Written digital informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion, which was embedded in the Google Forms used for data collection. Participants were explicitly informed that their responses would remain confidential and that their participation would have no bearing on their routine academic grades.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable as no identifying images or details are included; participants consented to anonymous quote use.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1532"}}