{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:17:50Z","timestamp":1784686670830,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medical assistance in dying (MAID) has been legal in Qu\u00e9bec since December\u00a02015 and in the rest of Canada since July\u00a02016. Since then, more than 60 people have donated their organs after MAID. Such donations raise ethical issues about respect of patients\u2019 autonomy, potential pressure to choose MAID, the information given to potential donors, the acceptability of directed donations in such a context and the possibility of death by donation. The objective of this study was to explore Qu\u00e9bec professionals\u2019 perspectives on the ethical issues related to organ donation after MAID.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted semi-directed interviews with 21 health care professionals involved in organ donation such as intensivists and intensive care nurses, operating room nurses, organ donation nurses and coordinators.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The participants were all favourable to organ donation after MAID in order to respect patients\u2019 autonomy. They also favoured informing all potential donors of the possibility of donating organs. They highlighted the importance of assessing donors\u2019 reasons for requesting MAID during the assessment. They were divided on directed donation, living donation before MAID and death by donation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Organ donation after MAID was widely accepted among the participants, based on the principle of respect for the donor\u2019s autonomy. The findings of this study only provide the perspectives of Qu\u00e9bec health care professionals involved in organ donation. Future studies are needed to gather other stakeholders\u2019 perspectives on this issue as well as patients\u2019 and families\u2019 experiences of organ donation after MAID.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-021-00594-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T19:02:53Z","timestamp":1614884573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Qu\u00e9bec health care professionals\u2019 perspectives on organ donation after medical assistance in dying"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Allard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8437-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Chantal","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"594_CR1","unstructured":"Act respecting end-of-life care, RSQ c S-32.0001, http:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/52t5r, retrieved on 2020-04-29"},{"key":"594_CR2","unstructured":"Ysebaert D, Van Beeumen G, Detry O et al. Organ donation after euthanasia on specific patients' request in Belgium. 22nd Annual Meeting Belgian Transplantation Society. Brussels, 2015."},{"issue":"7","key":"594_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13746","volume":"16","author":"J Bollen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bollen J, de Jongh W, Hagenaars J, van Dijk G, ten Hoopen R, Ysebaert D, et al. Organ donation after Euthanasia: A Dutch practical manual. Am J Transplant. 2016;16(7):1967\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"594_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bollen JAM, ten Hoopen R, van der Hoeven MAHBM, Shaw D, Brierley J, Ysebaert D, et al. Organ donation after euthanasia in children: Belgian and Dutch perspectives. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2019;104(9):827\u201330.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315560"},{"issue":"6","key":"594_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1915485","volume":"382","author":"IM Ball","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ball IM, Healey A, Keenan S, Priestap F, Basmaji J, Honarmand K, et al. Organ Donation after Medical Assistance in Dying\u2014Canada\u2019s First Cases. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(6):576\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"594_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allard J, Fortin M-C. Organ donation after medical assistance in dying or cessation of life-sustaining treatment requested by conscious patients: the Canadian context. J Med Ethics. 2016:medethics-2016-103460.","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2016-103460"},{"issue":"8","key":"594_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2015-102898","volume":"42","author":"J Bollen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bollen J, ten Hoopen R, Ysebaert D, van Mook W, van Heurn E. Legal and ethical aspects of organ donation after euthanasia in Belgium and the Netherlands. J Med Ethics. 2016;42(8):486\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"594_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-147-03-22","volume":"147","author":"NM Harris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harris NM. The euthanasia debate. J R Army Med Corps. 2001;147(3):367\u201370.","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"issue":"1","key":"594_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-019-0356-z","volume":"20","author":"J Falconer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Falconer J, Couture F, Demir KK, Lang M, Shefman Z, Woo M. Perceptions and intentions toward medical assistance in dying among Canadian medical students. BMC Med Ethics. 2019;20(1):22.","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"594_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhz030","volume":"45","author":"JP Lizza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lizza JP. Why DCD donors are dead. J Med Philos. 2020;45(1):42\u201360.","journal-title":"J Med Philos"},{"issue":"1","key":"594_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2010.01811.x","volume":"26","author":"D Wilkinson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilkinson D, Savulescu J. Should we allow organ donation euthanasia? Alternatives for maximizing the number and quality of organs for transplantation. Bioethics. 2012;26(1):32\u201348.","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"594_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2018.07.014","volume":"38","author":"JAM Bollen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bollen JAM, Shaw D, de Wert G, Ten Hoopen R, Ysebaert D, van Heurn E, et al. Euthanasia through living organ donation: Ethical, legal, and medical challenges. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2019;38(2):111\u20133.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"issue":"22","key":"594_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E604","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.181648","volume":"191","author":"J Downar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Downar J, Shemie SD, Gillrie C, Fortin M-C, Appleby A, Buchman DZ, et al. Deceased organ and tissue donation after medical assistance in dying and other conscious and competent donors: guidance for policy. Can Med Assoc J. 2019;191(22):E604\u201313.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"594_CR14","unstructured":"Padgett DK. Qualitative methods in social work research: Sage Publications; 2016."},{"issue":"3","key":"594_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000168","volume":"98","author":"E Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen E. Organ donation after assisted suicide: practically and ethically challenging. Transplantation. 2014;98(3):252\u20133.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"594_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000099","volume":"98","author":"DM Shaw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shaw DM. Organ donation after assisted suicide: a potential solution to the organ scarcity problem. Transplantation. 2014;98(3):247\u201351.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"9","key":"594_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"C Barter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barter C, Renold E. The use of vignettes in qualitative research. Soc Resh update. 1999;25(9):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Soc Resh update"},{"key":"594_CR18","unstructured":"Comit\u00e9 d'\u00e9thique- Transplant Qu\u00e9bec. Avis sur le don d\u2019organes chez un patient qui demande une aide m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 mourir. Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada. 2016. www.transplantquebec.ca\/avis-du-comite-dethique"},{"key":"594_CR19","unstructured":"Commission de l\u2019\u00e9thique en science et en technologie. Enjeux \u00e9thiques li\u00e9s au don d\u2019organes en contexte d\u2019aide m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 mourir. Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec. 2016."},{"key":"594_CR20","unstructured":"Nederlandse Transplantatie Stichting, Richtijn orgaandonatie na euthanasia. 2019."},{"key":"594_CR21","unstructured":"Downar J, Shemie SD, Gillrie C, Fortin M-C, Appleby A, Buchman DZ, et al. Appendix 1 (as supplied by the authors):Deceased organ and tissue donation after medical assistance in dying and other conscious and competent donors: guidance for policy. Can Med Assoc J. 2019;191(22), E604."},{"key":"594_CR22","unstructured":"Medical Assistance in dying. Policy Number 7311-60-033. S. H. Region. Saskatoon. 2016. https:\/\/www.saskatoonhealthregion.ca\/about\/RWPolicies\/7311-60-033.pdf"},{"key":"594_CR23","unstructured":"Comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9thique de Transplant Qu\u00e9bec. Avis sur le don dirig\u00e9 cadav\u00e9rique. Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada. 2015. www.transplantquebec.ca\/avis-du-comite-dethique"},{"key":"594_CR24","unstructured":"Truchon c. Procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Canada- 2019 QCCS 3792 Retrieved from http:\/\/citoyens.soquij.qc.ca, (2019)."},{"issue":"7","key":"594_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718766055","volume":"63","author":"J Dembo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dembo J, Schuklenk U, Reggler J. \u201cFor their own good\u201d: a response to popular arguments against permitting medical assistance in dying (MAID) where mental illness is the sole underlying condition. Can J Psychiatry. 2018;63(7):451\u20136.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"594_CR26","unstructured":"Downie J, Dembo J. Medical assistance in dying and mental illness under the new Canadian law. Journal of Ethics in Mental Health. 2016:1."},{"issue":"14","key":"594_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E337","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160365","volume":"188","author":"SY Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim SY, Lemmens T. Should assisted dying for psychiatric disorders be legalized in Canada? CMAJ: Can Med Assoc J. 2016;188(14):E337\u20139.","journal-title":"CMAJ: Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"594_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000298","volume":"30","author":"K Sheehan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheehan K, Gaind KS, Downar J. Medical assistance in dying: special issues for patients with mental illness. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017;30(1):26\u201330.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"594_CR29","volume-title":"L\u2019aide m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 mourir : le cas des personnes dont la maladie mentale est la seule condition m\u00e9dicale invoqu\u00e9e","author":"Groupe d\u2019Halifax","year":"2020","unstructured":"Groupe d\u2019Halifax. L\u2019aide m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 mourir\u202f: le cas des personnes dont la maladie mentale est la seule condition m\u00e9dicale invoqu\u00e9e. 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Aide m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 mourir et sant\u00e9 mentale: Qu\u00e9bec recule, LaPresse. 27 janvier 2020."}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12910-021-00594-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12910-021-00594-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12910-021-00594-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T19:07:29Z","timestamp":1614884849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12910-021-00594-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12910-021-00594-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6939","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The project was approved by the research ethics committee of the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (Project 16.098). All the participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"M-CF is a member of the Transplant Qu\u00e9bec ethics committee. JA has been the secretary of the Transplant Qu\u00e9bec ethics committee.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23"}}