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However, many potential donors have reservations about commercial involvement in organoid research. To better understand these reservations, we conducted four focus groups with potential donors. Two focus groups were held with individuals with cystic fibrosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910). One focus group included individuals with neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson\u2019s or Huntington\u2019s disease) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) and the other consisted of individuals with neurological disease (epilepsy) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). Four themes were identified: (1) benefits and concerns regarding commercial involvement, (2) trust in involved parties in research, (3) control over commercial parties and (4) appreciation of donors. To address these themes, we recommend that researchers and commercial parties communicate transparently and effectively, actively engage and appreciate donors, implement robust oversight mechanisms and (re)establish trust and trustworthiness through responsible practices. These considerations can help researchers and commercial parties work toward responsible and sustainable organoid research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-025-01269-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T11:29:39Z","timestamp":1753788579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The ethics and economics of organoid commercialization: potential donors\u2019 perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"de Groot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"van Daal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina W.","family":"Hofland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inez","family":"Bronsveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin R.","family":"Jongsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renske M.T.","family":"ten Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6194","key":"1269_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247125","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247125","volume":"345","author":"MA Lancaster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lancaster MA, Knoblich JA. 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The research protocol was submitted to the research ethics committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht for review before starting the research (research proposal no. Vidatum 24U-004). The committee determined that this study was exempt from the Medical Research Involving Humans Act. In line with the research protocol, we obtained verbal informed consent from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"109"}}