{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:11:07Z","timestamp":1790082667407,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnosis between benign and malignant gallbladder lesions is sometimes difficult. The objective of this study is to assess whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound (CH-EUS) can be an accurate method for detecting gallbladder malignancy and to determine which imaging signs can be indicative of malignancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A study search of PubMed, Elsevier, and Sciencedirect was performed in May 2019. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were used to examine the accuracy of CEUS and CH-EUS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivities of CEUS and CH-EUS were 0.81 (0.75\u20130.86) and 0.92 (0.86\u20130.95); the specificities were 0.94 (0.90\u20130.96) and 0.89 (0.69\u20130. 97); the DORs were 64 (32\u2013127) and 89 (22\u2013354); and the area under the SROC curves were 0.90 (0.87\u20130.92) and 0.92 (0.90\u20130.94). On CEUS, the diagnostic criterion for gallbladder malignancy according to four features were analyzed. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 (0.65\u20130.83) and 0.98 (0.85\u20131.00) for integrity of gallbladder wall; 0.69 (0.55\u20130.81) and 0.89 (0.77\u20130.95) for heterogeneous enhancement; 0.81 (0.71\u20130.88) and 0.88 (0.76\u20130.94) for irregular vessels; and 0.81 (0.66\u20130.91) and 0.75 (0.59\u20130.86) for washout time within 28\u2009s. On CH-EUS, heterogeneous enhancement could be indicative of malignant lesions with a sensitivity of 0.94 (0.85\u20130.97); and the specificity was 0.92 (0.71\u20130.98).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CEUS and CH-EUS are promising and reliable imaging modalities with a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of gallbladder malignancy. CH-EUS might be more sensitive than CEUS with a higher sensitivity. In addition, irregular tralesional vessels and washout time within 28\u2009s on CEUS and heterogeneous enhancement on CH-EUS are indicative of malignancy. However, larger scale and well-designed studies are warranted to verify our results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01252-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T14:03:54Z","timestamp":1600351434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Meta-analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of gallbladder malignancy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2977-1410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1252_CR1","first-page":"125","volume":"215","author":"DM Balfe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Balfe DM, Ralls PW, Bree RL, Disantis DJ, Glick SN, Levine MS, et al. Imaging strategies in the initial evaluation of the jaundiced patient. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Radiology. 2000;215(Suppl):125\u201333.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1252_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1538-8","volume":"20","author":"X Xie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xie X, Xu H, Xie X, Lu M, Kuang M, Xu Z. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant gallbladder diseases with real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Eur Radiol. 2010;20(1):239\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1252_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vijayakumar A, Vijayakumar A, Patil V, Mallikarjuna MN, Shivaswamy BS. Early diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma: an algorithm approach. ISRN Radiol. 2012;2013:239424.","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/239424"},{"key":"1252_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Runner GJ, Corwin MT, Siewert B, Eisenberg RL. Gallbladder wall thickening. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;202(1):W1\u2013W12.","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.10386"},{"issue":"4","key":"1252_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.08.027","volume":"39","author":"M Giovannini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giovannini M. Contrast-enhanced and 3-dimensional endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2010;39(4):845\u201358.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"key":"1252_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1696-2","volume":"16","author":"ITBS Konstantinidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Konstantinidis ITBS, Kambadakone AR, et al. Gallbladder lesions identified on ultrasound: lessons from the last 10 years. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012;16:549\u201353.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1252_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048371","volume":"7","author":"LN Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu LN, Xu HX, Lu MD, Xie XY, Wang WP, Hu B, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder diseases: a multi-center experience. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48371.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"1252_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.06.015","volume":"40","author":"JM Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu JM, Guo LH, Xu HX, Zheng SG, Liu LN, Sun LP, et al. Differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening: the usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2014;40(12):2794\u2013804.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1252_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35859","volume":"34","author":"Y Sadamoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sadamoto Y, Oda S, Tanaka M, Harada N, Kubo H, Eguchi T, et al. A useful approach to the differential diagnosis of small polypoid lesions of the gallbladder, utilizing an endoscopic ultrasound scoring system. Endoscopy. 2002;34(12):959\u201365.","journal-title":"Endoscopy."},{"issue":"10","key":"1252_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00006","volume":"141","author":"DW John","year":"2004","unstructured":"John DW, Benedict D, Melissa C, Kathleen MG, Thomas H, Imperiale TF, et al. Comparison of endoscopic ultrasonography and multidetector computed tomography for detecting and staging pancreatic cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(10):753\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1252_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-016-0742-9","volume":"44","author":"T Chantarojanasiri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chantarojanasiri T, Hirooka Y, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Kongkam P, Goto H. The role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder diseases. J Med Ultrason. 2017;44(1):63\u201370.","journal-title":"J Med Ultrason"},{"key":"1252_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali SH. Miner for OACCR: case of medical data analysis in knowledge discovery. In: the 6th International Conference on Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications (SETIT). 2012:962\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SETIT.2012.6482043.","DOI":"10.1109\/SETIT.2012.6482043"},{"key":"1252_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Janabi S, Alkaim AF. A nifty collaborative analysis to predicting a novel tool (DRFLLS) for missing values estimation. Soft Comput. 2020;24:555\u201369.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-03972-x"},{"issue":"8","key":"1252_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(8):529\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1252_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Janabi S, Mahdi MA. Evaluation Prediction Techniques to Achievement an Optimal Biomedical Analysis. Int J Grid Utility Comput. 2019;10(5):512.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJGUC.2019.102021"},{"key":"1252_CR16","volume-title":"Empirical Cloud Computing Models for Exploring the Capabilities of Rapid & Accuracy Predictions in Data Mining Tasks. IEEE","author":"S Al-Janabi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Janabi S, Patel A, Fatlawi H, AlShourbaji I, Kalajdzic K. Empirical Cloud Computing Models for Exploring the Capabilities of Rapid & Accuracy Predictions in Data Mining Tasks. IEEE; 2014."},{"issue":"10","key":"1252_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1162-z","volume":"42","author":"LD Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen LD, Yang H, Xie XH, Wei C, Shan QY, Ming X, et al. Diagnostic nomogram for gallbladder wall thickening mimicking malignancy: using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography or multi-detector computed tomography? Abdominal Radiol. 2017;42(10):2436\u201346.","journal-title":"Abdominal Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1252_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.03.1328","volume":"78","author":"JH Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choi JH, Seo DW, Choi JH, Park DH, Sang SL, Lee SK, et al. Utility of contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS in the diagnosis of malignant gallbladder polyps (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(3):484\u201393.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1252_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(98)70012-4","volume":"48","author":"Y Hirooka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hirooka Y, Naitoh Y, Goto H, Ito A, Hayakawa S, Watanabe Y, et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography in gallbladder diseases. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;48(4):406\u201310.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"1252_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3115-5","volume":"59","author":"H Imazu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Imazu H, Mori N, Kanazawa K, Chiba M, Toyoizumi H, Torisu Y, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59(8):1909\u201316.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1252_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.09.003","volume":"33","author":"T Inoue","year":"2007","unstructured":"Inoue T, Kitano M, Kudo M, Sakamoto H, Kawasaki T, Yasuda C, et al. Diagnosis of gallbladder diseases by contrast-enhanced phase-inversion harmonic ultrasonography. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007;33(3):353\u201361.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1252_CR22","first-page":"98","volume":"30","author":"K Kamata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kamata K, Takenaka M, Kitano M, Omoto S, Miyata T, Minaga K, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions. Digest Endosc Official J Jpn Gastroenterol Endosc Soc. 2017;30(Suppl):98\u2013106.","journal-title":"Digest Endosc Official J Jpn Gastroenterol Endosc Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1252_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2017.044","volume":"51","author":"G Leem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leem G, Chung MJ, Park JY, Bang S, Song SY, Chung JB, et al. Clinical value of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic and gallbladder masses. Clinical Endosc. 2018;51(1):80\u20138.","journal-title":"Clinical Endosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1252_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.34.6.1061","volume":"34","author":"XS Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu XS, Gu LH, Du J, Li FH, Wang J, Chen T, et al. Differential diagnosis of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder using contrast-enhanced sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34(6):1061\u20139.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1252_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-018-1833-4","volume":"44","author":"H Miwa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miwa H, Numata K, Sugimori K, Sanga K, Hirotani A, Tezuka S, et al. Differential diagnosis of gallbladder polypoid lesions using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Abdom Radiol. 2019;44(4):1367\u201378.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"1252_CR26","first-page":"763","volume":"26","author":"K Numata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Numata K, Oka H, Morimoto M, Sugimori K, Kunisaki R, Nihonmatsu H, et al. Differential diagnosis of gallbladder diseases with contrast-enhanced harmonic gray scale ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med Official J Am Ins Ultrasound Med. 2007;26(6):763\u201374.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med Official J Am Ins Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1252_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-018-0286-5","volume":"21","author":"C Serra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serra C, Felicani C, Mazzotta E, Gabusi V, Grasso V, Cinque AD, et al. CEUS in the differential diagnosis between biliary sludge, benign lesions and malignant lesions. J Ultrasound. 2018;21(6):119\u201326.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"issue":"1","key":"1252_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25848","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25848","volume":"6","author":"M Sugimoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sugimoto M, Takagi T, Konno N, Suzuki R, Asama H, Hikichi T, et al. The efficacy of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosing gallbladder cancer. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):25848.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1252_CR29","first-page":"1115","volume":"8","author":"LP Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun LP, Guo LH, Xu HX, Liu LN, Xu JM, Zhang YF, et al. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis between gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder adenoma canceration. Int J Clin Experiment Med. 2015;8(1):1115\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Experiment Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1252_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(15)60351-4","volume":"14","author":"HX Yuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan HX, Cao JY, Kong WT, Xia HS, Wang X, Wang WP. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of gallbladder adenoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Dis Int. 2015;14(2):201\u20137.","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Dis Int"},{"issue":"99\u2013100","key":"1252_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"70","author":"HX Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan HX, Wang WP, Guan PS, Lin LW, Chen XJ. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in differential diagnosis of focal gallbladder adenomyomatosis and gallbladder cancer. Clin Hemorheol Microcirculation. 2018;70(99\u2013100):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirculation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1252_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i6.744","volume":"24","author":"HP Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang HP, Bai M, Gu JY, He YQ, Qiao XH, Du LF. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder lesion. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(6):744\u201351.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1252_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-121651","volume":"55","author":"S Zheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zheng S, Xu HX, Liu LN, Lu MD, Xie XY, Wang W, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of polypoid lesion of gallbladder: a multi-center study of dynamic microvascularization. Clin Hemorheol Microcirculation. 2013;55(3):359\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirculation"},{"issue":"5","key":"1252_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1268-3","volume":"43","author":"B Zhuang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhuang B, Li W, Wang W, Lin M, Xu M, Xie X, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography improves the diagnostic specificity for gallbladderconfined focal tumors. Abdom Radiol. 2018;43(5):1134\u201342.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1252_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.95897","volume":"4","author":"A Andr\u00e9n-Sandberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9n-Sandberg A. Diagnosis and management of gallbladder polyps. N Am J Med Sci. 2012;4(5):203\u201311.","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1252_CR36","volume-title":"Application value of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant polypoid lesions of gallbladder. China Modern Medicine","author":"YF Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao YF, Liu LP, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu JJ. Application value of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant polypoid lesions of gallbladder. China Modern Medicine; 2014."},{"issue":"10","key":"1252_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0662-4","volume":"47","author":"Y Hirooka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hirooka Y, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Itoh Y, Nakamura Y, Hiramatsu T, et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography in digestive diseases. J Gastroenterol. 2012;47(10):1063\u201372.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1252_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-006-9224-4","volume":"14","author":"R Kiran","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kiran R, Pokala N, Dudrick S. Incidence pattern and survival for gallbladder cancer over three decades--an analysis of 10301 patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(2):827\u201332.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"47","key":"1252_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6356","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i47.6356","volume":"13","author":"EM Jung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jung EM, Clevert DA, Schreyer AG, Schmitt S, Rennert J, Kubale R, et al. Evaluation of quantitative contrast harmonic imaging to assess malignancy of liver tumors: a prospective controlled two-center study. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(47):6356\u201364.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"114","key":"1252_CR40","first-page":"336","volume":"59","author":"S Tsuji","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsuji S, Sofuni A, Moriyasu F, Itokawa F, Ishii K, Kurihara T, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease. Hepato-gastroenterology. 2012;59(114):336\u201340.","journal-title":"Hepato-gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1252_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2012.09.002","volume":"15","author":"FM Drudi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drudi FM, Leo ND, Malpassini F, Antonini F, Corongiu E, Iori F. CEUS in the differentiation between low and high-grade bladder carcinoma. J Ultrasound. 2012;15(4):247\u201351.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound."},{"issue":"1","key":"1252_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.10.016","volume":"73","author":"A Ignee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ignee A, Jedrejczyk M, Schuessler G, Jakubowski W, Dietrich C. Quantitative contrast enhanced ultrasound of the liver for time intensity curves\u2014reliability and potential sources of errors. Eur J Radiol. 2010;73(1):153\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1252_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.2013.2066.183.wei","volume":"18","author":"W Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang W, Fei Y. F. W. Meta-analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the detection of gallbladder carcinoma. Med Ultrason. 2016;18(3):281\u201328.","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"issue":"33","key":"1252_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11808","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011808","volume":"97","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Wang M, Ma B, Ma X. Potential role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the differentiation of malignant and benign gallbladder lesions in East Asia: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Medicine. 2018;97(33):e11808.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1252_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26035","volume":"48","author":"MW You","year":"2018","unstructured":"You MW, Yun SJ. Diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiating benign and malignant gallbladder lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018;48(5):1375\u201388.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"1252_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.2.g01mr16295","volume":"21","author":"AD Levy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levy AD, Murakata LA, Rohrmann CA. Gallbladder carcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2001;21(2):295\u2013314.","journal-title":"Radiographics"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-01895-6","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"record-id":"37569"},{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01252-5","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000}},{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-01895-6","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000}}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-020-01252-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-020-01252-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-020-01252-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T12:12:08Z","timestamp":1772021528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12911-020-01252-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-020-01252-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2022","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-022-01895-6","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-022-01895-6","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"235"}}