{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:07:33Z","timestamp":1789067253357,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology project of the Health Planning Committee of Sichuan","award":["20PJ085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20PJ085"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science & Technology Program","award":["2021YFS0181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0181"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-024-02816-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T13:19:14Z","timestamp":1735564754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does the FNA sperm retrieval failure prediction model work well for current NOA individuals undertaking risk screening before the operation? Model validation, high-risk population identification and potential alternative sperm retrieval exploration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinxian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengzhou","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guicheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2816_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen2010."},{"issue":"5","key":"2816_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.043","volume":"109","author":"K Hwang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hwang K, Smith JF, Coward RM, Penzias A. Evaluation of the azoospermic male: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2018;109(5):777\u201382.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"2816_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.10.048","volume":"193","author":"SR Gudeman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gudeman SR, Townsend B, Fischer K, Walters RC, Crain D. Etiology of azoospermia in a military population. J Urol. 2015;193(4):1318\u201321.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2816_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.11.2356","volume":"15","author":"UI Ezeh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ezeh UI. Beyond the clinical classification of azoospermia: opinion. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(11):2356\u20139.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"2816_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000080707.75753.ec","volume":"170","author":"JD Raman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Raman JD, Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is successful for the treatment of nonobstructive azoospermia associated with cryptorchidism. J Urol. 2003;170(4 Pt 1):1287\u201390.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2816_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.083","volume":"91","author":"A Carpi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carpi A, Sabanegh E, Mechanick J. Controversies in the management of nonobstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(4):963\u201370.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2816_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao X, Sun S, Xie L, Lu S. Effects of donor sperm on perinatal and neonatal outcomes resulting from in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective cohort study. Annals Translational Med. 2022;10(15).","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-5492"},{"key":"2816_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernie AM, Mata DA, Ramasamy R, Schlegel PN. Comparison of microdissection testicular sperm extraction, conventional testicular sperm extraction, and testicular sperm aspiration for nonobstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2015;104(5).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1136"},{"issue":"4","key":"2816_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy015","volume":"24","author":"J Eliveld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eliveld J, van Wely M, Mei\u00dfner A, Repping S, van der Veen F, van Pelt AMM. The risk of TESE-induced hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2018;24(4):442\u201354.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"3","key":"2816_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11203.x","volume":"111","author":"A Abdel Raheem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdel Raheem A, Garaffa G, Rushwan N, De Luca F, Zacharakis E, Abdel Raheem T, et al. Testicular histopathology as a predictor of a positive sperm retrieval in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. BJU Int. 2013;111(3):492\u20139.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2816_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma Y, Li F, Wang L, Zhao W, Li D, Xian Y et al. A risk prediction model of sperm retrieval failure with fine needle aspiration in males with non-obstructive azoospermia. 2019;34(2):200\u20138.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey366"},{"issue":"9","key":"2816_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew147","volume":"31","author":"M Cissen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cissen M, Meijerink AM, D\u2019Hauwers KW, Meissner A, van der Weide N, Mochtar MH, et al. Prediction model for obtaining spermatozoa with testicular sperm extraction in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(9):1934\u201341.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2816_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000279375","volume":"20","author":"KO Obrant","year":"1965","unstructured":"Obrant KO, Persson PS. [Cytological study of the testis by aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of fertility]. Urol Int. 1965;20(3):176\u201389.","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2816_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.1998.00128.x","volume":"21","author":"YF Dajani","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dajani YF, Kilani Z. Role of testicular fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of azoospermia. Int J Androl. 1998;21(5):295\u2013300.","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2816_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.5.1266","volume":"13","author":"B Rosenlund","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rosenlund B, Kvist U, Pl\u00f6en L, Rozell BL, Sj\u00f6blom P, Hillensj\u00f6 T. A comparison between open and percutaneous needle biopsies in men with azoospermia. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(5):1266\u201371.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"2816_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2015.04.018","volume":"2","author":"KJC Janosek-Albright","year":"2015","unstructured":"Janosek-Albright KJC, Schlegel PN, Dabaja AA. Testis sperm extraction. Asian J Urol. 2015;2(2):79\u201384.","journal-title":"Asian J Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2816_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.9.1973","volume":"15","author":"MV Meng","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meng MV, Cha I, Ljung BM, Turek PJ. Relationship between classic histological pattern and sperm findings on fine needle aspiration map in infertile men. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(9):1973\u20137.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"2816_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-38-5-787","volume":"38","author":"DM de Kretser","year":"1974","unstructured":"de Kretser DM, Burger HG, Hudson B. The relationship between germinal cells and serum FSH levels in males with infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1974;38(5):787\u201393.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2816_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ17-0001","volume":"64","author":"K Shiraishi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shiraishi K, Matsuyama H. Gonadotoropin actions on spermatogenesis and hormonal therapies for spermatogenic disorders [Review]. Endocr J. 2017;64(2):123\u201331.","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2816_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1703","volume":"92","author":"R Ramasamy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramasamy R, Lin K, Gosden LV, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD, Schlegel PN. High serum FSH levels in men with nonobstructive azoospermia does not affect success of microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Fertil Steril. 2009;92(2):590\u20133.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"12","key":"2816_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01613-8","volume":"36","author":"E Caroppo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caroppo E, Colpi EM, D\u2019Amato G, Gazzano G, Colpi GM. Prediction model for testis histology in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: evidence for a limited predictive role of serum follicle-stimulating hormone. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019;36(12):2575\u201382.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2816_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bromage SJ, Falconer DA, Lieberman BA, Sangar V, Payne SR. Sperm retrieval rates in subgroups of primary azoospermic males. Eur Urol. 2007;51(2):534-9; discussion 9\u201340.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.08.032"},{"issue":"4","key":"2816_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.010","volume":"91","author":"DG Goulis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goulis DG, Tsametis C, Iliadou PK, Polychronou P, Kantartzi PD, Tarlatzis BC, et al. Serum inhibin B and anti-Mullerian hormone are not superior to follicle-stimulating hormone as predictors of the presence of sperm in testicular fine-needle aspiration in men with azoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(4):1279\u201384.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"7","key":"2816_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu092","volume":"29","author":"A Pezzella","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pezzella A, Barbonetti A, D\u2019Andrea S, Necozione S, Micillo A, Di Gregorio A, et al. Ultrasonographic caput epididymis diameter is reduced in non-obstructive azoospermia compared with normozoospermia but is not predictive for successful sperm retrieval after TESE. Hum Reprod. 2014;29(7):1368\u201374.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"2816_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12951","volume":"9","author":"F Lotti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lotti F, Frizza F, Balercia G, Barbonetti A, Behre HM, Calogero AE, et al. The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics. Andrology. 2021;9(2):559\u201376.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2816_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.03.004","volume":"62","author":"M Marconi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marconi M, Keudel A, Diemer T, Bergmann M, Steger K, Schuppe HC, et al. Combined trifocal and microsurgical testicular sperm extraction is the best technique for testicular sperm retrieval in low-chance nonobstructive azoospermia. Eur Urol. 2012;62(4):713\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2816_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-019-0091-9","volume":"29","author":"A Bouker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bouker A, Halouani L, Kharouf M, Latrous H, Makni M, Marrakchi O, et al. Step-by-step loupes-mTESE in non-obstructive azoospermic men, a retrospective study. Basic Clin Androl. 2019;29:11.","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-024-02816-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-024-02816-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-024-02816-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T14:03:28Z","timestamp":1735567408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-024-02816-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-024-02816-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol for this multicenter study was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University. The project number was 2018028. All couples signed informed consent for treatment and follow-up before participating in this study. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee(s) and with the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"415"}}