{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:49:23Z","timestamp":1780512563192,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R15HD081364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15HD081364"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R15HD081364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15HD081364"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nurses are well positioned to promote sexual health but are not adequately prepared in their nursing programs to engage families on this topic and often lack the knowledge and confidence necessary to counsel families about sexual health communication. The purpose of this study was to determine how facilitating a parent-based sexual health intervention would impact nursing students\u2019 attitudes and intentions about sexual health education and parent communication counseling.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using an embedded mixed-methods design, which integrated a quasi-experimental framework, we examined the impact of participation in a parent-based sexual health intervention among 126 baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in a community\/public health nursing clinical course. Independent t-tests, chi-squared tests, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare intervention and control groups at baseline. Multiple linear regression was used to compare the groups for pre-post changes. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze exit interview transcripts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found statistically significant differences in nursing students\u2019 confidence to teach sexual health (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), satisfaction with skills as a sexual health educator (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), beliefs about the efficacy of parent-adolescent communication for reducing negative sexual outcomes among adolescents (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and intentions to counsel parents on sexual health (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with greater improvements in the intervention group than in the control group. Furthermore, we found statistically significant differences in nursing students\u2019 intentions to counsel parents about the HPV vaccine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and to endorse the HPV vaccine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with greater improvements in the intervention group than in the control group. Across all survey categories, qualitative findings confirmed improvements seen on the pre-post survey.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Providing evidence-based adolescent sexual health training, including sexual health education content and discussion strategies, can prepare nursing students to strongly endorse sexual health communication and HPV vaccination uptake and to counsel parents on initiating and navigating these conversations with their youth. Our project exemplifies how a nursing program could organize an immersive experience, or elective within a specialty area, that aligns with the competency-based approach endorsed by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02600884) on 09\/01\/2015; the first participant was recruited on 09\/29\/2015.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-023-01531-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T04:01:55Z","timestamp":1696910515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of preparing nursing students to deliver a parent-based sexual health intervention on attitudes and intentions for sexual health education and parent communication counseling: a mixed methods study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1739-8804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deidra Carroll","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anitra","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Cron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Markham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Guilamo-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Santa Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1531_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Sexually transmitted diseases: adolescents and young adults. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/life-stages-populations\/adolescents-youngadults.htm."},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0806","volume":"125","author":"MK Beckett","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beckett MK, Elliott MN, Martino S, Kanouse DE, Corona R, Klein DJ, Schuster MA. Timing of parent and child communication about sexuality relative to children\u2019s sexual behaviors. Pediatrics. 2010;125(1):34\u201342.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"1531_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.2324","volume":"173","author":"L Widman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Widman L, Evans R, Javidi H, Choukas-Bradley S. Assessment of parent-based interventions for adolescent sexual health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(9):866\u201377.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1363\/47e2415","volume":"47","author":"D Santa Maria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santa Maria D, Markham C, Bluethmann S, Mullen PD. Parent-based adolescent sexual health interventions and effect on communication outcomes: a systematic review and meta\u2010analyses. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2015;47(1):37\u201350.","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1531_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2194","volume":"127","author":"AY Akers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akers AY, Holland CL, Bost J. Interventions to improve parental communication about sex: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):494\u2013510.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/15546128.2016.1146187","volume":"11","author":"M Malacane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malacane M, Backmeyer J. A review of parent-based barriers to parent-adolescent communication about sex and sexuality: implications for sex and family educators. Am J Sexuality Educ. 2016;11(1):27\u201340.","journal-title":"Am J Sexuality Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000511566.12446.45","volume":"117","author":"D Santa Maria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santa Maria D, Guilamo-Ramos V, Jemmott LS, Derouin A, Villarruel A. Nurses on the front lines: improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health across health care settings: an evidence-based guide to delivering counseling and services to adolescents and parents. Am J Nurs. 2017;117(1):42.","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1531_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2012.05.014","volume":"33","author":"LY Tsai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsai LY, Huang CY, Liao WC, Tseng TH, Lai TJ. Assessing nursing students\u2019 learning needs for addressing patients\u2019 sexual health concerns in Taiwan. Nurse Educ Today. 2013;33(2):152\u20139.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"16","key":"1531_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02756.x","volume":"18","author":"SKF Kong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kong SKF, Wu LH, Loke AY. Nursing students\u2019 knowledge, attitude and readiness to work for clients with sexual health concerns. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(16):2372\u201382.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"1531_CR10","unstructured":"American Association of Colleges of Nursing, AACN. (2021) The Essentials: Core competencies for professional nursing education. Retrieved October 2021 from https:\/\/www.aacnnursing.org\/Portals\/42\/AcademicNursing\/pdf\/Essentials-2021.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"1531_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2014.11.001","volume":"31","author":"SC Sung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sung SC, Huang HC, Lin MH. Relationship between the knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy on sexual health care for nursing students. J Prof Nurs. 2015;31(3):254\u201361.","journal-title":"J Prof Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.709274","volume":"42","author":"Y Helland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Helland Y, Garratt A, Kjeken I, Kvien TK, Dagfinrud H. Current practice and barriers to the management of sexual issues in rheumatology: results of a survey of health professionals. Scand J Rheumatol. 2013;42(1):20\u20136.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1531_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2012.06.019","volume":"33","author":"SC Sung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sung SC, Lin YC. Effectiveness of the sexual health care education in nursing students\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy on sexual health care. Nurse Educ Today. 2013;33(5):498\u2013503.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"1531_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.06.007","volume":"48","author":"V Guilamo-Ramos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guilamo-Ramos V, Bouris A, Jaccard J, Gonzalez B, McCoy W, Aranda D. )b. A parent-based intervention to reduce sexual risk behavior in early adolescence: building alliances between physicians, social workers, and parents. J Adolesc Health. 2011;48(2):159\u201363.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"1531_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guilamo-Ramos V, Benzekri A, Thimm-Kaiser M, Dittus P, Ruiz Y, Cleland CM, McCoy W. (2020). A triadic intervention for adolescent sexual health: a randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics, 145(5).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2808"},{"issue":"3","key":"1531_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/hlaa014","volume":"45","author":"A Parker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parker A, Johnson-Motoyama M, Mariscal ES, Guilamo-Ramos V, Reynoso E, Fernandez C. Novel service delivery approach to address reproductive health disparities within immigrant latino communities in geographic hot spots: an implementation study. Health Soc Work. 2020;45(3):155\u201363.","journal-title":"Health Soc Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10534-0","volume":"21","author":"D Santa Maria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santa Maria D, Markham C, Misra SM, Coleman DC, Lyons M, Desormeaux C, Cron S, Guilamo-Ramos V. Effects of a randomized controlled trial of a brief, student-nurse led, parent-based sexual health intervention on parental protective factors and HPV vaccination uptake. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):585\u201399.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1531_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12262","volume":"34","author":"D Santa Maria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santa Maria D, Markham C, Crandall S, Gulamo-Ramos V. Preparing student nurses as parent-based adolescent sexual health educators: results of a pilot study. Public Health Nurs. 2017;34(2):130\u20137.","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs"},{"key":"1531_CR19","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Clark P, Gutmann V, M., and, Hanson W. Advanced mixed methods research designs. In: Tashakkori A, Teddle C, editors. Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2003. pp. 209\u201340."},{"issue":"6 Pt","key":"1531_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12117","volume":"48","author":"MD Fetters","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fetters MD, Curry LA, Creswell JW. Achieving integration in mixed methods designs \u2013 principles and practices. Health Serv Res. 2013;48(6 Pt):2134\u201356.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1531_CR21","unstructured":"Tietjen-Smith T, Balkin R, Kimrough S. (2008). Development and validation of the sex education confidence scale. Education and Human Development, 2(2)."},{"issue":"4","key":"1531_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1363\/4324711","volume":"43","author":"V Guilamo-Ramos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guilamo-Ramos V, Jaccard J, Dittus P, Bouris A, Gonzalez B, Casillas E, Banspach S. A comparative study of interventions for delaying the initiation of sexual intercourse among latino and black youth. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2011;43(4):247\u201354.","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1531_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2014.05.003","volume":"28","author":"AL McRee","year":"2014","unstructured":"McRee AL, Gilkey MB, Dempsey AF. HPV vaccine hesitancy: findings from a statewide survey of health care providers. J Pediatr Health Care. 2014;28(6):541\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"1531_CR24","unstructured":"Creswell JW. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. 3rd ed. SAGE Publications, Inc; 2017."},{"key":"1531_CR25","unstructured":"American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Undergraduate Student Reference Group Data Report Spring 2019. https:\/\/www.acha.org\/documents\/ncha\/NCHA-II_SPRING_2019_UNDERGRADUATE_REFERENCE_GROUP_DATA_REPORT.pdf Accessed November 9, 2021."},{"key":"1531_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2020.04.011","volume":"16","author":"MP D\u2019Errico","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u2019Errico MP, Tung W, Lu M, D\u2019Errico R. Barriers and recommendations associated with human papillomavirus vaccination among college students. J Nurse Practitioners. 2020;16:533\u20137.","journal-title":"J Nurse Practitioners"},{"issue":"6","key":"1531_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2016.02.013","volume":"12","author":"K Daly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daly K, Halon PA, Aronowitz T, Ross G. A university health initiative to increase human papillomavirus vaccination rates. J Nurse Practitioners. 2016;12(6):e281\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nurpra.2016.02.013.","journal-title":"J Nurse Practitioners"},{"key":"1531_CR28","unstructured":"National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM). The future of nursing 2020\u20132030: charting a plan to achieve health equity. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 2021. 10.17226.25982."}],"container-title":["BMC Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-023-01531-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12912-023-01531-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-023-01531-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T18:08:07Z","timestamp":1700417287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12912-023-01531-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-023-01531-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Methods were conducted in accordance with the code of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All study procedures were approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (HSC-SN-15-0091) at a public academic health science center in the southern U.S. prior to recruitment and enrollment of study participants. Written informed consent was obtained from participants. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02600884) on 09\/01\/2015; the first participant was recruited on 09\/29\/2015.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"375"}}