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A self-designed questionnaire was developed and distributed online through scientific societies. The main variables studied were professional and work environment characteristics, maternal positions and mobility, practices during this stage, maximum time to start active pushing and duration of the second stage of labor. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS 24.0.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Regarding the woman\u2019s position during childbirth, 80.3% (245) of midwives frequently or always allow the woman to choose her birthing position. Furthermore, 44.6% (136) of professionals prefer using side-lying positions for the mother. Regarding drinking fluids during childbirth, 51.1% (156) of midwives allowed the woman to drink the amount of liquids she wanted, whereas 11.1% (34) said that they would allow them to do so however, this was against the protocol of their hospital. When inquiring about the Kristeller maneuver, it was reported to be excessively performed in 35.1% (107) of cases for fetal bradycardia, 33.1% (101) for maternal exhaustion, and 38.4% (117) to avoid instrumental birth. Finally, a great variability was observed in the time criteria used for the initiation of active pushing and the maximum duration of the second stage of labor.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Certain practices, such as the Kristeller maneuver, are overused among midwives, with great variability in the use of certain procedures, the waiting times to initiate pushing and completion of the second stage of labor. Further training and awareness campaigns are needed for professionals to apply evidence-based care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-01863-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T06:04:34Z","timestamp":1711433074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Variability of clinical practice in the care of the second stage of labor among midwives in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Est\u00edbaliz Laderas","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Rodriguez-Almagro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Miguel","family":"Martinez-Galiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Pic\u00f3n","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1863_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2005.05.012","volume":"50","author":"LL Albers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Albers LL, Sedler KD, Bedrick EJ, Teaf D, Peralta P. 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Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants in the study prior to their participation, indicating that they could withdraw at any time during the study All work was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 version). All data were treated adhering to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2016\/679, 27th April 2016, and the Spanish Ley org\u00e1nica de protecci\u00f3n de datos y garant\u00eda de derechos digitales (LOPDGDD; Data Protection And Guarantee Of Digital Rights) 3\/2018, 5th December.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"202"}}